dolphin

tiger

RECIPES:


bbq


food

shells

If you wish to listen to some Korean pop music while viewing the page, make a selection below. There are over 30 full-length Korean songs to choose from. Requires Windows Media Player.

Free JavaScripts provided
by The JavaScript Source


food
food
kimpap
kalbi

food
food
chapchee
bibimpap

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

bar

CIick on entry to select. Click "back" to return to Table of Contents.

I. SELECTED RECIPES

II. KITCHEN PAGES

  • Kanaka Kitchen -- A Hawaiian's opinion of Korean food hassles and eating on the economy
  • Food Links -- Links to Korean & Hawaiian Recipes Sites -- Mail Order Catalog Food sites

III. MISCELLANEOUS

  • Email -- Got a suggestion or recipe? Send it to us here.

pen

Aloha kakou ... Please sign our guestbook
and let us know what you think of our site. Mahalo for stopping by...


View My Guestbook
Sign My Guestbook


haku

KOREAN-STYLE OXTAIL SOUP (Ggorigomtang) -- Every commissary in Korea stocks oxtail from the States. Though Koreans say it is not as good as Korean oxtail, it's low cost makes it a good buy. If you're living on the economy, ox tail is a more expensive (about double the cost)...and probably best served only on holidays. Cooking it up is simple, but the 3 hours+ in a small Korean apartment can make the smells overpowering. A gas camp stove on the veranda may be an option. It's darn near impossible to mess this recipe up...and the result is a soup that is a real treat. The following recipe is from The Korean Cookbook , Judy Hyun, 1996 (Fourth printing).


SOKKORI KUK (Oxtail Soup)

The oxtail is the most flavorful piece of meat you can buy; it imparts a flavor quite distinct from other cuts of beef to any soup.

1 oxtail (in pieces)
6 1/2 cups of water
1 medium onion
5 scallions
1 carrot
3 cloves garlic
1 1/2 teaspoons salt

1. Brown the oxtail in a heavy pot, add the water and bring to a boil slowly. Skim off the froth. Halve the onion and 2 of the scallions. Add them to the oxtail. Cover and simmer for 3 hours.

2. Slice the carrot lengthwise into 1 1/2-inch strips. Chop the garlic and the 3 remaining scallions. Add the carrot, garlic and scallions to the soup. Season with salt.

Makes 4 servings.

(SITE NOTE: Prior to browning the meat, soak the oxtail in water or boil to remove blood. Discard the water. In Hawaii, some people throw peanuts in and serve with some minced ginger and soy sauce. Consider using a crockpot instead of simmering all day unattended on the stove.)


HAWAIIAN-STYLE OXTAIL SOUP: The following is an excerpt from Aunty Leilani's Island Weekly Recipe . This site is a MUST visit for any of the local favorite recipes. However, notice the difference between the traditional Korean version (above) and the Hawaii version here. Westerners have a tendency to "spice 'em up a bit" because oxtail soup -- though tasty -- is a little bland for American tastes.


Oxtail Soup
Ingredients:
1 oxtail, cut in sections
1/2 cup raw peanuts, blanched
1 small piece dried orange peel, optional
1 slice ginger, crushed
1/4 cup liquor (wine or whiskey, optional)
Salt to taste
1 stalk green onions
Chinese parsley
Preparation:
Parboil oxtail for 5 minutes. Drain. Add all ingredients except garnish and simmer with oxtail until oxtail is tender in as much water as desired. Garnish with chopped green onions and Chinese parsley.

KOREAN BULGOGI : Bulgogi is considered to be a "national meat dish". This recipe was excerpted from Local kine recipes V2.0 . This site is a MUST visit place to check out the group of local recipes collected by Art Pollard from the UH. For other variations on how to prepare bulgogi, check the Korea.com site in the links.


KOREAN BULGOGI


Submitted by: Robert Mattsuo (matsuo@ucsu.colorado.edu)

This was originally submitted to rec.food.cooking by Connie Yakley-Griffith. Laurie, this was given to me by a Korean lady named Chin Wah Moores that I met while my husband was serving in the Air Force. I think you'll love it... everyone that I've served it to so far has! Enjoy!

Ingredients:

2         lbs. flank steak, sliced into paper thin strips
3         scallions, cut at a slant into 1/2" pieces
2         cloves of fresh, minced garlic     (1 tsp. powder but
fresh is far better)
3 tbsp.   sugar
1 tsp.    sesame seed oil     (double this if you like the flavor
more intense)
1/2 cup   soy sauce ( no lite varieties work here)
1/2 cup   water
1/2 tsp.  MSG (optional, I don't use it and it tastes fine)
1/2 tsp.  sesame seed

Procedure
Cut steak with sharp knife into paper thin strips. Add sugar and mix well by hand. Mix soy sauce and water and add garlic to this. Cut green onions and add to soy sauce mixture. Pour sauce mixture into meat, add MSG and mix again by hand. Add sesame seed oil and sesame seeds and mix again by hand. This is better if it marinates for at least 24 hours and will keep in the refrigerator for three days.


Excerpted from Korean Info Homepage , an excellent source for recipes as well as general information on Korean customs and table manners.

Barbequed beef ( "pulgoki" )

Barbequed beef ( "pulgoki" ) is the one of the most popular dishes in Korea, and also Westerners are pleased with the taste. "pulgoki" literary means "fire beef", but it is called generally called "korean barbecue". Thin, tender slices of beef are marinated in a sauce and cooked over a hot charcoal grill at table. If it is made with pork, the recipe will be slightly different because of the bad smell of pork. Usually Korean pork barbeque needs red pepper paste and lots of ginger.

Preparation procedure for Barbequed beef ( "Bulgoki" )


Ingredients (4 servings)
  • 1/2 lb beef rib steak
  • Roasted sesame oil
  • 9 tbsp. finely chopped green onion
  • vegetables ( onion,green pepper,green onion,egg-plant,or pumpkin slices)
  • For marinade ( 4 cups ) 1.2 medium apple, quartered and sliced or 1/2 can of coke
  • 1 oz ginger root, thinly sliced
  • 1 oz garlic, thinly sliced
  • 2 cups soy sauce
  • 1/2 cup cooking wine
  • 6 oz sugar and 1/2 tbsp. MSG

Methods
  1. Slice the beef thinly and make it tender using knife.
  2. Pour the coke and sugar to beef and mix well until the meat softens
  3. Mix the marinated beef with the soy sauce, garlic, sesame oil, MSG, and sesame salt and let it stay for 2 hours.
  4. Broil the seasoned beef over hot grill. (Hint: when using oven, 570 degree of F for 10 minutes is good.)

Excerpted from Korean Info Homepage , an excellent source for recipes as well as general information on Korean customs and table manners.

Broiled beef rib ( "sokalbigui" )

Broiled beef rib ( "sokalbigui" ) is also the popular dishes. The recipe is very close to that of barbequed beef. However the taste is quite different. Just try it !!.(It needs delicate trimming of ribs)

Preparation procedure for broiled beef rib ( "sokalbigui" )


Ingredients (4 servings)
  • 4 Ib. beef ribs
  • Roasted sesame oil
  • 9 tbsp finely chopped green onion
  • vegetables ( onion,green pepper,green onion,egg-plant,or pumpkin slices)
  • For marinade (2 cups) and seasonings, refer to "pulgoki" barbeque sauce

Methods
  1. Cut spareribs into serving pieces, remove excess fat from the meat carefully.
  2. With meaty side down, insert knife under bone and slice, leaving the end uncut.
  3. Open out flat and slice the meat into half thickness, leaving the end uncut and open out flat.
  4. Make a slit along the center of each bone. This eases the membrance when grilled and makes the meat apart easily.
  5. Marinate and mix with seasonings and vegetables and let it stand for 2 hours or more. (Refer to the recipe of "pulgoki" barbeque
  6. Broil both sides on preheated grill.

Excerpted from The World of Chris Kwon . Another variation of Kalbi.
Kalbi (Broiled  Short Ribs)

Seasoning sauce:
4 pounds beef short ribs
4 cloves garlic, minced
1 inch piece of ginger, peeled and minced
5 green onions, chopped
4 tablespoons toasted sesame seeds
1/4 cup dry sherry
1/2 cup soy sauce
3 tablespoons sesame oil
1/4 cup brown sugar, packed
fresh cracked pepper
1 tablespoon peanut oil
1 onion, chopped
2 carrots, chopped
2-1/2 cups water

Trim the ribs of excess fat. Score the top surface of the ribs in a diamond pattern. In a container or plastic bag large enough to hold the ribs, mix together the garlic, ginger, green onions, 3 tablespoons of the sesame seeds, sherry, soy sauce, sesame oil, brown sugar and a generous grating of pepper. Add the ribs and coat thoroughly with the marinade. Refrigerate for at least 5 hours, preferably overnight.

To cook the ribs, heat the peanut oil in a heavy pot or flameproof casserole large enough to accommodate the ribs. Brown the ribs, then push the ribs to one side and brown the onions and carrots in the same pot. Stir in the marinade and the water. Bring the mixture to a boil, then simmer, with the lid slightly ajar, for 1-1/2 hours, stirring occasionally. To finish the dish, remove the lid and boil until the sauce gets a syrup-like consistency. Serve the ribs with the glazed sauce and the remaining sesame seeds on top.


KALBI KUI (MARINATED SHORT RIBS) : Short ribs are ideal for outdoor barbecuing, casual picnics or home parties. The preparation can be done in advance and cooking simple. The following is the kalbi recipe in The Korean Cookbook: Quick & Easy Recipes by Judy Hyun (ISBN 1-56591-002-8).


Kalbi Kui (Marinated Short Ribs)

Ingredients:

	4 extra large short ribs
	2 large scallions, including green stems
	2 large cloves of garlic
	1/2 cup soy sauce
	1/4 cup sesame oil
	1 teaspoon sesame seeds
	1/4 teaspoon white vinegar
	2 tablespoons sugar
	1/4 teaspoon dry hot mustard
	1/4 teaspoon black pepper
Procedure
1. Trim the excess fat from the short ribs. Score the meat deeply every 1/2 inch, almost to the bone. Mince the scallions and garlic. Combine them with the remaining ingredients to make the marinade. Pour the marinade over the ribs, allowing it to penetrate to the bone. Turn the ribs over, so the scored side is face-down in the sauce. Cover, allow to stand for 2 hours or refrigerate overnight, if possible.

2. Broil over charcoal or under an oven grill. If barbecued over charcoal, the ribs may be removed and the cooked outside pieces eaten, with the ribs then returned to the fire for additional cooking. If broiled in the oven, the ribs must be cooked longer. The outside becomes crisp and cooks more rapidly than the meat which is closer to the bone. Cooking time is about 15 minutes.


LAZY MAN'S KALBI : Instead of making the marinade, it's a lot simpler buying a bottle of the Kalbi sauce in the Korean supermarket and simply add some sesame seeds. If you're military, it's a lot easier -- and cheaper -- to buy the packs of Kalbi from the commissary rather than getting your kalbi from the Korean butcher shop. The following is my lazy man's recipe for kalbi to be cooked over a grill.

Lazy Man's Kalbi Barbeque

Ingredients:

	1 package of kalbi short ribs
	1/2 bottle of Kalbi marinade sauce
	1 teaspoon sesame seeds
Procedure
1. Thaw the kalbi and place into a large zip-lock plastic bag. Add 1/2 bottle of Kalbi marinade sauce and 1 teaspoon of sesame seeds. Refrigerate overnight.
2. Cook over a grill for a great barbeque treat...Koreans love to chew on the ribs.

NOTE: A variation is to use Barbeque sauce instead of the Kalbi marinade. My Korean friends really like the taste and chow down on it calling it "American Barbeque."


Excerpted from Morten's Recipe Collection .

Baked Spareribs (Bulkalbee)

Ingredients (4 servings)

4 beef sparerib pieces

Marinade Sauce:
2 cups barbeque sauce (refer to pulgoki barbeque sauce)

Instructions

1. Cut spareribs into serving pieces.


2. Remove film covering the meat carefully.


3. Remove excess fat and membrance from the bone side.


4. With meaty side down, insert knife just under bone and slice, leaving the end uncut.
Open out flat.


5. Then slice the meat into half thickness, leaving the end uncut and open out flat.


6. Make a slit along the center of each bone. This eases the membrance
when grilled and makes the meat apart easily.


7. In a large bowl place spareribs and pour over marinade.
Rub and turn with fingers; let stand 15 minutes. Bake both sides on preheated
grill.




Variation --Oven-barbequed Spareribs:



Cook the marinated spareribs in the oven.
Preheat oven to 425F(220C). Place spareribs on a wire rack. Cook until
done turning and brushing with the marinade sauce occasionally. Serve on red leaf lettuce (bronze lettuce) and lemon wedges.

Excerpted from Aloha World "Ono Recipes" .

Hawaiian-style Chapche (Hekka)

  • 1/3 lb. thinly sliced boneless beef or chicken
  • 2 Tbsps. oil
  • 1/2 cup matchstick sliced carrots
  • 1/2 cup matchstick sliced bamboo shoots
  • 1/4 lb. sliced nappa cabbage
  • 2 cups chopped spinach
  • 3 oz. bean threads (Saifun), soaked in warm water
  • 2 Tbsps. soy sauce
  • 1 Tbsp. sugar
  • 1/2 tsp. salt
  • 1/4 tsp. black pepper
Marinade
  • 1 tsp. sugar
  • 1 Tbsp. soy sauce
  • 1 clove garlic, minced
  • 1 tsp. toasted sesame seeds
  • 1/4 tsp. black pepper
  • 1 Tbsp. sesame seed oil
  • 2 finely chopped green onions

Combine beef or chicken with marinade. Heat wok on medium-high heat and add 2 Tbsps. oil. Cook beef or chicken until done; add carrots, bamboo shoots, cabbage and spinach and thoroughly combine. Add bean threads and remaining ingredients. Continue cooking on medium heat until all ingredients are hot. Serves 4.

(One of mom's many onolicious recipes)

Margie
mlsalazar@west.raytheon.com
Kaimuki, now El Segundo, CA
When Grad Kaimuki


Excerpted from Korean Info Homepage , an excellent source for recipes as well as general information on Korean customs and table manners.


Mixed vegetables with beef ( "chapche" )

Mixed vegetables with beef ( "chapche" ) is usually made when there are some celebration or party. But it is easy to make and now is served in any time people want. The dishes contains seasoned beef, vegetables, and noodles. Its taste is sweet and very special.

Preparation procedure for mixed vegetables with beef ( "chapche" )


Ingredients (4 servings)
  • 5 oz lean beef
  • A : 2 T soy sauce, 1 T sesame oil,1 t sugar, 1/2 cooking wine.
  • Crushed garlic, roasted sesame seeds, finely chopped green onion
  • 1 3/4 oz bean threads, 1 green onion, 4 dried mushrooms, soaked in water, 1 oz carrot, 1/3 oz dried cloud ear mushrooms, soaked in water.
  • 1 green pepper, 2/3 t salad oil, salt and pepper.
  • B : 1 t roasted sesame seeds, 2/3 t soy sauce, 1/2 t sugar
  • 1/3 t sesame oil, crushed garlic, pepper, MSG

Methods
  1. In salted boiling water, cooked bean threads 3- 4 minutes until transparent.
  2. Drain and cut into 2 1/2 inch length.
  3. Cut beef and make it into strips.
  4. Combine A and add beef to marinate.
  5. Slice green onion diagonally.
  6. Cut mushrooms into strips.
  7. Cut ear mushrooms into bite size pieces. Cut carrot and green pepper into the strips.
  8. Heat salad oil and add green onion. Cook briefly and seas on with salt and pepper. In the same manner cook all vegetables.
  9. Heat salad oil and cook beef strips.
  10. Combine B . Add bean threads and mix well.
  11. Add vegetables and beef. Mix and serve it.

Excerpted from The World of Chris Kwon .

Chapch'ae (Noodles with Meat and Vegetables)

Chapch'ae is a mixture of stir-fried vegetables and Chinese noodles, seasoned with sesame oil.  Depending on the major ingredient, it can be called either toraji (bellflower root) chapch'ae, puch'u (scallion) chapch'ae, koch'u (red pepper) chapch'ae or bosot (mushroom) chapch'ae.  Usually this dish is served for holiday dinners or for the birthday parties.

Ingredients (serves 4 persons)

100g lean beef
4 dried p'yogo (shiitake) mushrooms
10g dried mogi (Jew's ear) mushrooms
50g nut'ari (agaric) mushrooms, bellflower roots, onion, cucumber, carrots, mung bean sprouts
80g dangmyon (Chinese noodles)
1 egg
1 tbsp. pine nuts
soy sauce
  salt
    sesame oil
    sesame
salt
    sugar
 

Seasoning sauce for beef and mushrooms

1 tbsp. soy sauce
1/2 tbsp. sugar
1 tsp. minced scallions, minced garlic, sesame salt, sesame oil
1/4 tsp. black pepper  

  1. Cut tender lean beef into thin strips.
  2. Soak the shiitake mushrooms in hot water for 20 minutes and then remove the stems, squeeze the water out and cut them into thin strips.
  3. Clean the agaric mushrooms, parboil them and tear them into small pieces.
  4. Soak the Jew's ear mushroom, squeeze the water out and tear them into bite-sized pieces.
  5. Mix the ingredients for the seasoning sauce.  Mix beef and mushrooms with the seasoning sauce separately and stir-fry each in a preheated and oiled pan.
  6. Slice the onion into thin strips and fry them with the beef.
  7. Cut cucumbers into thin strips 5 cm long.  Sprinkle them with salt and set aside for 10 minutes.  Then squeeze the water out and stir-fry them.
  8. Cut carrots into thin strips 5 cm long.  Parboil in boiling salted water, drain and stir-fry.
  9. Cut off head and tail of mung bean spouts.  Parboil remaining stems in boiling salted water, drain and stir-fry.
  10. Shred bellflower roots finely into thin strips 5 cm long, parboil in boiling salted water, drain and stir-fry.
  11. Immediately, after frying, spread each ingredients on a separate plate to dry in order to prevent them from becoming soggy.
  12. Separate egg white and yolk, and beat.  Pour the egg yolk into a lightly greased frying pan and tilt the pan to make a thin sheet.  Do the same for the egg white.  When they are cooked, cut them into thin strips.
  13. Cook Chinese noodles in boiling water following package directions.  Cut into smaller pieces and mix with sesame oil and soy sauce to taste.
  14. Remove the brownish tip of the pine nuts.
    Mix all the prepared ingredients with the Chinese noodles and season with sesame salt, sesame oil and sugar to taste.  Arrange it on serving dish and decorate it with the egg yolk and egg white strips and pine nuts.

Excerpted from Food and Drink in Korea menu and other Korean food sources.

Naengmyon (Chilled Buckwheat Noodles)
and Other Korean Noodle Dishes

Naengmyon, which literally means 'cold noodles,' is a popular delicacy in summer because it's considered refreshing. There are a few different types of naengmyon, but mainly people enjoy either mul naengmyon and pibim naengmyon. Mul naengmyon are cold buckwheat noodles in chilled beef broth. 'Mul' is water, meaning that it comes in a broth form. It is a simple meal that comes in a big bowl with a boiled egg, slices of radish and cucumber. Mul naengmyon is the most common of naengmyon dishes, so when people just say 'naengmyon'. Pibim naengmyon is cold noodles in a bowl without the broth. Instead the noodles are mixed with red pepper paste and garnished with vegetables and beef or raw fish.

Although naengmyon is most popular in summer, it was eaten in winter in olden days in northern Korea. Mul naengmyon has its origin in P'yongyang, while pibim naengmyon has its origin in Hamheung. Eating mul naengmyon in cold weather is said to make the body warm. Today, there are variations on the noodles, and some restaurants use sweet potato, mugwort or arrowroot starch as the ingredients.

Mul naengmyon: The broth is a mixture of beef broth and tongchimi water (tongchimi is a type of white water kimchi), and the ratio of the mixture varies from restaurant to restaurant. They say that the secret of mul naengmyon's good taste is in the ratio of the mixture.

Noodle preparation:

Bring water to a boil and add noodles. When the water returns to a boil, add 1 cup of cold water and cover. When it returns to a boil the second time, turn off the flame and let sit a few minutes. To test, cut one noodle; if the inside and outside are the same color, they are done. If not, boil them once more. Drain and rinse with cold water thoroughly until there is no more heat being held in the noodles.

To chill the noodles, place them in a bowl of ice water and stir. Drain the noodles. Serve immediately. Garnish with a slice of Korean pear, half a boiled egg, one or two thin slices of roast beef or pork, and sour kimchi. Sometimes sauce can be added, which is made of pepper paste, pepper powder, soy sauce, chopped onions, garlic, and vinegar. Vinegar and chinese mustard are often added at the table to suit individual preferences.

Broth substitute: 4 cups water, two tbspn of kimchee salt, one tspn garlic powder, one tspn ginger powder, one tblspn sugar, and one can beef/chicken broth. Boil until all ingredients dissolved. Play with the amounts until it suits your taste. Store in refrigerator in a bottle until ready to serve.

(NOTE: You can buy the dried Japanese buckwheat noodles in the Commissary -- when available -- for about $6.00 a package. You can also find the fresh naengmyon noodles (with sauce packets) in the frozen food case of the corner grocery store, but its taste is rather flat. The truth is that it's cheaper to order it and have it delivered in Korea than make it yourself from scratch. Most small restaurants buy the noodles in economy size packs and the broth in gallon size jugs. It's a snap for them to make...but beware!!! Some restaurants have some terrible naengmyon because they scrimp on the garnish, but luckily they go out of business very quickly.)


First, beef is boiled, and the broth is chilled. The fat is removed before the broth is strained and then mixed with tongch'imi water. The cold noodles are added to it, and garnished with slices of beef, an egg, cucumber and radish slices.

Pibim naengmyon: comes with either slices of beef or slices of raw fish. The same term also applies to hoe naengmyon ('raw fish and cold noodles'), which is more popular than the one with beef. In both cases, noodles are mixed with a special sauce of red pepper paste, sesame oil and garlic, then garnished with an egg, cucumber, radish slices and either raw skate or beef. Extra sesame oil and sugar may be added. Sesame oil, vinegar and mustard are often added.

Hoe Naengmyon (Buckwheat Noodles with Raw Fish): Buckwheat noodles are covered with sliced raw fish with hot vinegar and pepper sauce.

Guksu (Wheat Flour Noodles): The simplest of Korean noodles dishes, wheat flour noodles are cooked and served in an anchovy soup with cabbage kimchi. This is one of the cheapest noodle dishes in Korea. You can easily find street venders at traditional markets selling this dish. Garnishes include gidan (thinly sliced, pan-fried egg yolks and egg whites). Thin sliced cucumbers are served with cold noodles, and stir fried zucchini come with warm noodles. A seasoning sauce flavored with anchovies and kelp is served with this dish.

Kalguksu (Handmade Noodles): The dough for the noodles in this dish are made from wheat flour and dried raw soybean flour. The dough is spread thin and sliced to make thin noodles which are boiled in water. The mixture is seasoned with a sauce made of soy sauce, sesame salt, green onions, garlic, sesame oil, and pepper powder. Other versions include makguksu and naengkongguksu.

Naengkongguksu (Noodles in Soy Bean Water): Naengkongkuksu incorporates noodles in a soup base which is made from cooked and ground soy beans and seasoned with salt. Usually served with baechu kimchi and kkaktugi.

Makguksu (Buckwheat Noodles with Clear Chicken Soup): This recipe calls for a higher ratio of buckwheat flour to potato flour in the noodle dough. The noodles are seasoned with hot pepper paste (goch'ujang). Chicken broth and kimchi soup accompany it. Often served with nokdu-jeon (mung bean pancakes) or kamja-jeon (potato pancakes).

Udong (Japanese Noodles): In Korea, it is cheaper to order this dish than make it. This dish is similar to the Japanese noodle dish, U-dong. The noodles are thicker than those used in other Korean noodle dishes. Seasonal but usually contains squid legs and sometimes clams with garnish of shredded carrots and green onions. Served with pickled turnips (yellow daikon) and raw onions. Best varieties for my tastes are from the Chinese restaurants (versus Korean shops). One shop in Kunsan has Udong that tastes like Saimin except no wavy noodles. I ate at this place every week for seven years and never tired of the dish. To be truthful, you just have to search in Korea to find the right restaurant. In Japanese-style shops, the Udon is bland tasting like in Japan train stations.




Traditional 'boyang' cuisine, for a healthy summer (Jun 2009) The following is from the Korea Herald:

The signs are all there: sweat, the buzz of cicadas, and the inexorable sun. Yes, it's that time of year again. Summer has arrived. The hot and tired can stave off the blistering heat with ice cream, frosted mugs of beer and long dips in the pool or they can turn to the timeless dishes that epitomize Korean summers.

They can turn to "boyang" cuisine. In Korean, "boyang" means to replenish and nourish one's depleted yin and yang, chi and meridians. Hence, boyang food energizes. It reinforces one's stamina and helps maintain one's health. For decades, Koreans have dined on boyang dishes during the traditional three hottest days of summer, collectively called "sambok" and referred to separately as "chobok," "jungbok," and "malbok." According to Institute of Traditional Korean Food president Yoon Sook-ja, sambok fall between June and July on the lunar calendar and come at 10-day intervals. This year, Yoon says, chobok, jungbok and malbok fall on July 14, July 24 and August 13, respectively.

"From the perspective of Eastern medicine, the surface of the body grows hot and the internal organs grow cold when the weather heats up in the summer," Yoon, who co-authored the book "Amusing Story For Korean Traditional Festival Foods" (Jilsiru, 15,000 won), elaborated in an e-mail interview with The Korea Herald. "By making 'boshin (the act of replenishing nutrients with food)' cuisine hot and spicy, one sweats profusely, boosting stamina dampened by the heat and recovering damaged yang."

"Hence, on 'bok' days, which are exceptionally hot, one eats 'boyang' food, to invigorate one's body without fail."

Yoon cited "samgyetang" (ginseng chicken soup), "yukgaejang" (spicy beef soup), and "kongguksu" (noodles in cold soybean milk soup) as some of the dishes that were eaten on sambok in the past.

Judging from the long lines that stretch out of establishments serving up these "boyang" dishes during the summer, it seems that the tradition is still alive and well. Here is a look at the medicinal benefits of samgyetang, yukgaejang and kongguksu and where to go to get a taste of these healthy dishes.


Samgyetang Soup and Yukgaejang stew


Samgyetang

"Around 900 to 1,000 chickens are sold on a 'bok' day," says Hanbang Jungtong Samgyetang president Kim Won-soo. The chickens Kim is referring to aren't just regular birds. They are 35- to 41-day old spring chickens from South Jeolla Province, stuffed with sticky rice and a hefty chunk of three- to five-year old Geumsan ginseng.

Served up in a bubbling hot broth, customers can choose a pure, unadulterated stew laced with garlic and garnished with a jujube or two, one chock full of over 30 medicinal ingredients that have been brewed for almost 10 hours, one filled with fresh ginseng, slices of deer antler and licorice root, or one with all of the above.

Paired with a shot of homemade ginseng liquor and a tasty side dish of their signature garlic stems seasoned with chili paste, chili powder and a little bit of something resembling glutinous rice jelly, one bowl of Kim's samgyetang is a veritable summer tonic. Kim, who has been running the 10-plus year old establishment for four years, maintains a humble stance towards his place. But the tender chew of chicken, the clean and fragrant broth and the eye-watering bite of his spicy garlic stems attest to the long-standing popularity of this joint.

A hearty and ambrosial meal isn't all that one gets when one drops by Hanbang Jungtong Samgyetang. According to Yoon, the chicken and ginseng in a bowl of "samgyetang" possess warm properties, preventing the chi or energy within the abdomen from getting cold. Yoon lists some of the benefits of samgyetang as a strengthening of the immune system and recovered physical strength. "It is also good 'boyang' food for those with weak digestive systems and those who sweat and get worn out during the summer," Yoon added. In regards to the origins of samgyetang, Yoon pointed to a historical text from 1795 that documents a dish where chicken was boiled in water called "jingye-baeksook."

Yukgaejang

According to Yoon, yukgaejang - a spicy soup loaded with shredded beef and vegetables - served as a boyang dish for those who preferred beef over dog meat soup; hence the prefix "yuk," which means beef, to the dish name "gaejang," which means "dog meat soup." "Yukgaejang is a leading dish of 'bokjung (midsummer)' that one eats, while sweating, in the hot summer season," Yoon explained.

"Yukgaejang is originally a native dish of Seoul," Yoon continued. "But Daegu, which is hotter than other regions, fights fire with fire in the summer by feasting on this dish. In Daegu, the local version of yukgaejang is called 'Daegu tang.' Heaps of green onions, Korean leeks, garlic and stimulating vegetables are put into the dish and boiled. The perfect balance of sweet and spicy flavors is its distinguishing characteristic."

The key then, to a good bowl of yukgaejang lies in the harmonious combination of beef, vegetables and spices. Hanok, which specializes in "hanwoo" (Korean native cattle) beef, serves up a hearty and savory version of the stew. Brimming with luscious shreds of hanwoo beef and organic vegetables, "gosari" (fernbrake), daikon radish and translucent noodles, Hanok's yukgaejang merges sweat-inducing heat and spices with the sweet juiciness of beef and the varied textures of vegetables. Continuous refills of their delectable "banchan" (side dishes) and a cup of refreshing "sikhye" (rice punch) rounds out a perfect summer meal.


Kongguksu Soup


Kongguksu

Vegans can also reap the benefits of "boyang" food during the hot summer by slurping away at a bowl of noodles in chilled soybean milk. Kongnamu Soop, a restaurant located in Seocho-dong that specializes in tofu dishes, whips up an even healthier version of the classic dish, substituting the usual white soybeans with "suritae" - a black soybean with a black skin and blue innards that is harvested around October after the first frost. Buckwheat noodles replace wheat, and diners can season the milky soup to suit their preferences with a small dish of salt that comes on the side. "We buy the beans, soak them, boil them and grind them," said Kongnamu Soop president Jang Ji-ran, who adds peanuts and black sesame seeds to the broth, giving it that extra nutty richness.

The dish is garnished with julienned cucumber and a half a boiled egg, but vegans can take their noodle soup without the egg. According to Yoon, while the exact origins of kongguksu remain unknown, a cookbook from the late 1800s describes a dish of wheat noodles in a soup made of soybeans that were soaked, boiled, strained through a fine sieve and seasoned with salt. Wheat reduces excessive heat in the body while beans are rich in vegetable proteins, states Yoon, making kongguksu a "nutritionally excellent dish." (Source: Korea Herald.)



Excerpted from Korean Info Homepage , an excellent source for recipes as well as general information on Korean customs and table manners.

Vegetables and beef on rice ( "bibimbap" )

( "bibimbap" ) is made from cooked rice mixed with bits of meat, seasoned vegetables, and egg. If desired, it can be eaten with "kochujang" ( a red hot pepper paste ).

Preparation procedure for mixed vegetables with beef ( "chapche" )


Ingredients (per serving)
  • 1 cup cooked rice
  • 1 oz beef
  • 1 oz each radish and carrot, spinach, soybean sprouts and fiddlehead, seasoned
  • salad oil
  • For marinate : 1/2 T soy sauce, 2/3 T sesame oil, 1/4 t sugar, 1/4cooking wine.

Methods
  1. Cut beef into strips and marinate 5 minutes. In hot oil cook briefly; set aside. Place hot cooked rice in a bowl.
  2. Arrange 4 kinds of seasoned vegetables on rice. Place beef too.
  3. Heat oil and drop egg and cook.
  4. Place fried egg on top of beef. Serve with "kochujang" and sesame oil.

MEAT JUN / KOREAN CHEN-YA : The following is a recipe excerpted from Aloha World .


Meat Jun / Korean Chen-Ya

(Meat Fritters) 2 lbs. sirloin tip steak
3 sprigs green onion, minced
2 Tbsp. sesame oil
2 tsp. sesame seeds
1/2 C. shoyu
1 clove garlic, minced
dash of black pepper
pinch of Ajinomoto
5 eggs
flour

Slice meat 3 x 4 x 1/4 thick. Combine all other ingredients except eggs and flour and soak meat in sauce for one hour. Flour meat, dip in slightly beaten eggs, and fry over medium heat in lightly oiled pan, until brown. Serve hot with sauce.

Sauce

2 Tbsp shoyu 1 tsp. chopped green onion 1 clove garlic (mashed) 1 tsp. sesame seeds 1 tsp. vinegar 1 tsp. sugar

Mix all ingredients together.

Koni Kalihi, Oahu now Los Angeles, CA

NOTE: Maybe this is not what you want, but for us, we got lazy and prefer Deep Fried Beef Strips (Sogogi Twikim). We buy the Korean marinade sauce off the shelf. A lot easier. Prepare meat in thin strips and marinate for one hour minimum. If you want to make the sauce, the basic marinade is:

1/4 c. shoyu
2 Tbsp. sugar
1 Tbsp sesame oil
1 Tbsp gochu paste
1 tsp. sesame seeds
dash black pepper
pinch of ajinomoto

As to frying, we have gotten lazy here too in our old age. We use a Fry Daddy deep fryer a lot and use store-bought tempura mix instead.

1. Cut beef (1/2 # sirloin tip, flank steak, or whatever beef is on sale) into 2x1 strips.
2. Marinade meat in sauce.
3. Mix tempura mix per instructions. Add 2 stalks minced green onions and 1 mashed clove of garlic to the tempura mix. Coat the meat in the mix.
4. Heat oil. Drop in the beef strips one by one into the oil. Fry the beef strips for 1 minute and then remove them with a slotted spoon or strainer. Return the beef to the tempura mixture and coat all sides. Fry a second time in hot oil until brown. When the meat strips float to the top, they are done.
5. Strain the beef strips in the strainer and then put on paper towels. Serve: 4 or 5
6. (Optional) Instead of thin-sauce on the side, take leftover marinade and place in sauce pan. Add 1/4 c. cup water and cornstarch to thicken. (If you want more zing to it, use 1/4 cup sweet dill pickle juice (from the bottle) instead of water.) Pour over strips. Sprinkle top with chopped green onions for garnish.

Kalani


KIMCHEE PIZZA : Just thought I'd include this here as many Korean pizza parlors have now come out with their versions of this pizza -- along with bulgogi pizza. Though this is not for me, maybe someone out there might want to try this. One reader tried this recipe and got only 3/4 way through the pizza with a "LOL" comment -- so try it at your own risk. This is excerpted from The Electric Kitchen , Hawaiian Electric Company's cooking program with such onolicious recipes as "Jellyfish salad".


Kim Chee Pizza


"Cooking With Kim Chee" - August 1997
Guest Demonstrator: Toni Lee

Kim Chee Pizza 2 tablespoons kim chee sauce (hot, spicy Korean sauce) or ko choo jung (Korean appetizer sauce) 1 (12-inch) ready-made parbaked pizza crust 1 1/4 cups chopped sour kim chee* 1/4 lb sliced pepperoni 1/2 lb mushrooms, thinly sliced 1/2 cup sliced olives 1 cup shredded mozzarella cheese

Preheat electric oven to 425 F. Spread sauce over pizza crust. Top with kim chee, pepperoni, mushrooms, and olives. Sprinkle with mozzarella cheese. Bake for 7 to 10 minutes. Makes 6 servings.

*Korean hot, spicy preserved vegetables that have been allowed to ferment for a week or two so they have a tangy flavor.

The Electric Kitchen; Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

NOTE: My recommendation is to simply get a can of pizza sauce, throw in a bunch of pre-made kimchi (NOT JAPANESE KIMUCHI WITH VINEGAR), and prepare like a regular pizza. You don't have to mess with the gochu jang (chili paste) as its already in the kimchi. Do NOT add salt as kimchi is already salty. Another idea is to get hero sandwich rolls and use the rolls in lieu of the crust. Cut the rolls in half lengthwise; scoop out the center; fill the center with kimchi/pizza sauce mix; smother with mozerella cheese; top with pepperoni (optional) Bake at 425 degrees until the crust starts to turn dark brown.


Excerpted from Korean Info Homepage , an excellent source for recipes as well as general information on Korean customs and table manners.
Kanaka note : In most Korean homes nowadays, they substitute the artificial crab for the beef...it's attractive, tastes good and no fuss to use. As for the vinegar-sugar mixture, it's a matter of choice. My wife put it this way, "if you're going to eat it right away, OK...but if you going a long way for a picnic, it all go away." As a result, she puts in a few drops of sesame seed oil into the rice instead...as do all the other Korean housewives I know. Don't overdo the sesame seed oil...it's pretty strong in the rice and gives it a "smokey taste". One important thing -- the final step should be to seal the edge of the "kim" (nori) by wetting your finger and running it down the seam. If you don't it may fall apart when you cut it.


Excerpted from Chris Kwon's website : Kimbap is Korea's most popular and nutritious convenience meal. You will find it everywhere everyday. At a panic party. In schoolchildren's lunch boxes. And in the chilled compartment of every convenience store. Kimbap is a best seller.

The dish is made from bap, rice rolled inside kim, dried laver. It is an idea borrowed from the Japanese in the colonial period but Korean kimbap is subtly difference form its Japanese prototype.

The steamed rice is not as heavily seasoned with vinegar and sugar as the Japanese rice. It may even be more Koreanized by the use of sesame seasoning. The fillings, too, are little different from those in Japan. Much more meat is used in Korea - beef, ham and sausage, for example - as well as chopped eggs, parboiled spinach, lengths of cucumber and pickled raddish.

The rice and fillings are spread on a slightly toasted sheet of paper-thin seaweed, rolled up with a bamboo mat and then cut into bite-sized mouthfuls with a sharp knife. The result is filling and easy to handle. Delicious.


Kimbap (Rolled Rice With Seaweed)

Ingredients: 4 servings (3 rolls)

  • 3 1/2 cups Kimbap rice
  • 3 sheets roasted seaweed
  • 5 oz (140g) lean beef
  • 1 small cucumber
  • 2 oz (60g) carrot
  • 7 dried mushrooms
  • 2 eggs, beaten
A: Beef Marinade
  • 2 T soy sauce
  • 1 T sesame oil
  • 1 t sugar
  • 1/2 t cooking wine
  • Crushed garlic, roasted sesame seeds, finely chopped green onion
B:
  • 1 t sugar
  • 1/4 t salt
  • Salad oil, salt and pepper

How To Make Kimbap Rice

3 1/2 cups cooked rice
Vinegar Mixture (3 T vinegar 1 T sugar 1 t salt) (SEE NOTE ABOVE ABOUT SESAME SEED OIL)

Directions: Put cooked rice into mixing tub and sprinkle vinegar mixture generously over rice. With a large wooden spoon, mix with a slicing motion. While you mix, have a helper,(electric fan). This is not to cool kimbap rice, but to puff the extra liquid away.

Procedures
1. Cut beef into strips.
2. Combine A; add beef to marinate.
3. Halve cucumber lengthwise, then but into thin diagonal slices. Sprinkle with salt, let stand until soft; squeeze out water.
4. Cut carrot into 2 in (5cm) long strips.
5. Soak dried mushrooms in lukewarm water until soft. Discard stems and slice thinly.
6. Heat salad oil in a skillet and cook beef over high heat; set aside. Likewise stir-fry each ingredient lightly and season with salt and pepper .
7. Mix egg and B well. Pour over lightly greased square omelet p an thinly.
8. When half-set, roll from far aside tightly. When golden brown, remove from heat.
9. Cut lengthwise in three.
10. Lay seaweed over bamboo mat. Spoon over 1/3 amount (1 1/6 cups) evenly. Wet your fingers with vinegared water and press gently.
11. Leave 1/2 in (1.5 cm) on your side, 1 in (2.5 cm) on far side uncovered.
12. Arrange beef, cucumber, mushrooms, carrot and egg omelet in contrasting colors slightly below center.
13. Holding edges of fillings, roll in one motion so the uncovered seaweed meet each other.
14. Roll up and shape. Press ends.
15. Cut each roll into 8. Wipe the knife with wet cloth after each slice. Arrange on a plate cut side up.


Excerpted from Korean Info Homepage , an excellent source for recipes as well as general information on Korean customs and table manners.

Rice beef noodle soup ( " Sollongtang" )

( "sollongtang" ) is rice beef noodle soup seasoned with sesame seeds, salt, pepper, scallions, and sesame oil. It is served with rice as the main meal and is accompanied by side dishes and a radish "kimchi" called "kaktugi" .

Preparation procedure for rice beef noodle soup ( "sollongtang" )


Ingredients (4 servings)
  • 1/2 lb beef rib steak
  • 1 1/3 IB. shank of beef
  • 1/2 whole Korean radish
  • 1/4 Ib. Chinese noodles
  • 1 large green onion
  • 5 cloves garlic
  • Salt, black pepper and MSG

Methods
  1. Cut the beef into pieces and divide the radish into two pieces. Boilthe beef and radish in 30 cups of water. Lower the heat and simmer for 1 hour till the meat is very tender.
  2. Take the meat and radish out of the broth. Cool the broth and cut off the excess fat. Slice the meat thinly into small size. Slice the radish into pieces 1/8" thick.
  3. Add the meat, radish and crushed garlic to the broth. Then boil again.
  4. Cut large green onion into rings. Add salt, black pepper, and gren onion and check the seasoning by salt before serving.

Excerpted from Korean Info Homepage , an excellent source for recipes as well as general information on Korean customs and table manners.

Pork and "kimchi" casserole ( "kimchichigue" )

Pork and "kimchi" casserole ( "kimchichigue" ) is a kind of soup but more saltier than general soup. If the taste is saltier and contains less water, we call it "chigue" . It is made with Chineses cabbage and pork. The taste of it is hot and spicy. Usually Korean eat the soup in main dishes.

Preparation procedure for Pork and "kimchi" casserole ( "kimchichigue" )


Ingredients (4 servings)
  • 1/2 lb boneless pork chop
  • 14 oz Chinese cabbage "kimchi"
  • 3 cups of water
  • 12 oz tofu
  • 2 green onions
  • 4 dried mushrooms, soaked in water
  • 3 T salad oil

Methods
  1. Slice pork into bite size and cut "kimchi" into that size too.
  2. In a pan over medium heat, in hot oil, cook and stir pork. When meat is nearly done, stir drained "kimchi" . Reserve the "kimchi" liquid.
  3. Stir in the liquid and continue to cook. Add water, bring to a boil, and remove from heat.
  4. Add cut-up tofu, mushrooms, and green onion.

ONO KOREAN CHICKEN : The following is an excerpt from Aunty Leilani's Island Weekly Recipe . A really simple barbeque chicken idea (without the flour). In Korea, serve with whole chili peppers and gochu paste on the side. Hot, but good...



Ono Korean Chicken

Ingredients:

5 lbs chicken drummetts
1 tsp. salt (optional)
1/2 c. shoyu
3/4 c. sugar
1 clove garlic, finely minced
1 skinned chili pepper or flakes (optional)
1 T sesame seeds
1 T sesame seed oil

Preparation:
Sprinkle salt on chicken and let stand overnight. Flour and deep fry. Prepare sauce with rest of ingredients. Roll hot fried chicken in sauce. Garnish with chop green onions (optional) and serve.

Submitted by: Eulalia Pascual-Cantu


Excerpted from Morten's Recipe Collection .
Facts about Kimchee:
Kimchee, this moist Korean pickle is now tempting the world's appetite with its subtle heat and sourness. In ancient time and still now Korean winters are long and severe. The harsh conditions forced people to preserve vegetables for this season. The word Kimchee in Korean means "sunken vegetable", Chinese cabbages and radishes were "sunk" into salted water and seasonings added, such as chili pepper, and later the special flavor of salted fish. Thus Kimchee became the most gorgeous and colorful of all pickles. Kimchee can be called fermented vegetables, since many kinds of bacterial reactions contribute to build its flavor. Most important is lactic acid which aids digestion. The pungent action of the chili peppers, capsaicin stimulates the mucous membrances of the stomach. Organic acids control stomach secretions and fermentation produces vitamine B1, B2, B12, and nicotinic acid amides, etc. Moreover, the vegetable fibers also activate bowel movement, solving constipation. Kimchee is always on the Korean dining table no matter how poor the meal is. It goes well with white rice, and is a good appetizer for drinks. It gives special flavor to stews and sauteed vegetables. Try it on noodles, rice, or make your own variations. Just prior to winter, in November the Koreans take a "Kimchee Holiday". Neighbors customarily cooperate in each other's yards for the preparation of Kimchee.

Chinese Cabbage Kimchee (Pechu Kimchee)

Ingredients (4 servings)

3 heads Chinese cabbages (22 1/4 lbs, 10kg) (14 oz(400g) salt (4% weight of cabbage))
21 oz (600g) radish oz (6g) salt (1% weight of radish)

Marinade A:
1 1/3 cups of water
2 T flour
2 T salted opossum shrimp
2 T anchovy sauce

Marinade B:
2 bnches chives (1 3/4 oz, 50g), cut into 1 1/2 in (4cm) length
7 oz (200g) finely chopped green onion
5 1/4 oz (150g) ground chili pepper
3 1/2 oz (100g) sugar
1 3/4 oz (50g) grated ginger root
2 T crushed garlic
MSG

Instructions

1. Discard dead leaves. Cut in half.
2. Make a slit at root end, pull apart each half. If using small Chinese cabbage, cut in half.
3. Sprinkle salt between leaves, heavily over root side.
4. In a large container, place (3), top with a light weight and let stand a whole day and night (in summertime, overnight), turning over several times for even salting. Rinse in water; drain and set aside 30 minutes. Peel radish, shred and sprinkle with salt; squeeze out water gently.
5. Prepare marinade. In a small pan heat A ingredients to boiling, constantly stirring.
6. Reduce heat to medium. Continue to cook stirring constantly to prevent burning. When forming a paste, remove from heat; cool. When completely cooled, add B and radish, mix.
7. Between leaves, spread marinade paste. Grease your hand with sesame oil to prevent irritation caused by the chili pepper.
8. Folding each section in two, pack in rectangular container. Cover with astic wrap, keep in cold and dark place. Moisture comes out in 2-3 days, but do not take out at this point. Leave a further 4-5 days at least. Take out necessary amount, press down remainder to remove air.

Excerpted from Morten's Recipe Collection . Originally submitted from: steven.frank%acc1bbs@ssr.com (Steven Frank) @Newsgroups:
rec.food.cooking

Kim Chi (Cabbage and Daikon)

Ingredients (12 servings)

2 Heads Chinese cabbage OR- white cabbage
1 c Salt
1 lb Daikon
6 Green (spring) onions
4 Garliccloves
1 Piece fresh ginger root (1")
1 Celery stalk
1 Hard, semi-ripe pear
4 tb Ground red pepper (cayenne)
1 tb Granulated sugar

Instructions

1. Remove (do not discard) the outer leaves from the cabbage. Quarter the cabbage and place together with the outside leaves in a large bowl. Sprinkle on the salt. Let stand 3 hours, turning occasionally.
2. Peel the daikon and cut into long thin strips. Cut the onions into 1." strips and then shred lengthwise into slivers. Mix the daikon and onion strips together in another bowl and let sit while the cabbage and salt mixture is sitting.
3. Peel and mince garlic and gingerroot. Cut celery into 1" lengths and shred lengthwise. Peel, core, and slice the pear and then cut into long strips. Mix these ingredients together with the cayenne and granulated sugar and combine into the daikon and onion mixture.
4. The cabbage will have produced a brine after sitting. Remove the outer leaves from the brine and set aside. Take a quarter of the cabbage head, rinse it under running water then pack the daikon and onion mixture between the leaves. Set it in the bottom of a crock or other container. Repeat this procedure with the remaining three quarters. Any remaining mixture should be layered over the cabbage. Press down.
5. Place the outer leaves in a layer on top of the cabbage and cover the crock. Set a small weight on top of the cover and let sit for 3 days. The longer it sits the stronger it gets! It can be stored for a month prior to opening. Keep it in a cool (60 degree) place.
After removing the Kim Chi from the crock it can be stored in glass jars and used as needed.
This is a strong recipe and if it is still not hot enough, diced red peppers with seeds can be added, to the daikon and onion mixture, but do so at your own risk! Enjoy.
From: steven.frank%acc1bbs@ssr.com (Steven Frank) @Newsgroups:
rec.food.cooking

Excerpted from Morten's Recipe Collection . Originally submitted from: The Los Angeles Times
Posted by Karen Mintzias in Intercook :

Kimchi (Korean Cabbage Relish)

Ingredients (1 servings)

1 Head Chinese cabbage cut into 1/2-in. strips
3 tb Salt
6 Green onions; chopped (or less, if desired)
3 Garlic clove; minced (or less, if desired)
1/2 ts Crushed dried hot red chile
1 ts Chopped ginger root

Instructions

Soak cabbage in salted water to cover 5 to 10 hours. Drain. Combine cabbage with salt, green onions, garlic, chile and gingerroot. Mix well and spoon into large jar. Cover and refrigerate 1 to 2 days before using. Keeps well several weeks. Use as relish or salad.
Makes about 1 quart
(C) 1992 The Los Angeles Times
Posted by Karen Mintzias in Intercook



From the L.A. Times' Food section (September 15, 1999)... http://www.latimes.com/HOME/NEWS/FOOD/topstory.html

The Power of Kimchi


More than pickled vegetables, it is a pillar of Korean culture.

By CECILIA HAE-JIN LEE, Special to The Times

While shopping at a Korean grocery the other day, I saw two little girls in the produce section. They were both limply hanging onto the shopping cart like little rag dolls as their mom meticulously picked out nappa cabbages for their kimchi. Seeing their bored faces took me back to my younger days and having to help my mother.

The monthly kimchi-making was how the neighborhood women saved money and found out the latest gossip. I remember how my sister and I hated squatting on the kitchen floor with the rest of them, peeling garlic as the pungent scent of chile powder made our noses itch. Listening to their mindless chatter about people I vaguely knew and peeling clove after clove of the endless pile of garlic: It was all I could do to stay awake. The only thing that would cure me of my drowsiness was the morsel of fresh kimchi that my mom would put into my mouth.

Even after the drudgery, seeing the jars full of kimchi at the end of the day filled me with a sense of accomplishment, as my mouth watered with anticipation. But it really wasn't until I became an adult that I grew to appreciate this cultural tradition.

Kimchi is a source of national pride for Koreans. When hungry, any Korean would swear that a bowl of rice and some kimchi are all that's needed to complete a meal.

According to a national nutrition survey in South Korea, an average adult consumes two to four ounces a day in the summer and five to seven ounces a day in the winter. That translates to about 12.5% of the average South Korean's daily food intake.

Not only is kimchi eaten as part of a meal, it is also used as an ingredient in other dishes. For instance, there is kimchi fried rice, kimchi jigae (a hot pot of kimchi, meat, tofu and vegetables), kimchi mandu (like wontons), kimchi flat cakes, kimchi ramen--the list is endless.

My father is such a kimchi eater that our family has found creative ways of preparing it. We have had kimchi pizza, kimchi hamburgers and even kimchi stuffing in our Thanksgiving turkey. In Korean culture, a woman's value as a wife is tested by her cooking abilities, especially by how good her kimchi is.

When my sister was newly married, she made her first batch by herself. She followed all the steps and ingredients except for one crucial one, the last bit of salt in the seasoning. A couple of days later, we sat down to dinner to enjoy my sister's first kimchi. My younger brother exclaimed in horror, "What is this tasteless thing?" It was as raw as if she had just taken some chile powder and poured it over the naked cabbage. Laughing, my mom pulled her famous kimchi from the fridge and saved the day.

Although it is considered such an important dish, no written record of it is found in Korea until the 7th century. It is believed that kimchi originated from Chinese pickles (ju, pronounced "cho" in Korean) imported during the Shilla and Koryo dynasties--roughly beginning in 57 BC.

When most Koreans hear the word kimchi, the image commonly conjured up is that of the traditional type made with nappa cabbage. Although this kind is the best known, kimchi can be made with a variety of vegetables, spices and other ingredients. It is also prepared in different ways and to different degrees of fermentation. In areas near the ocean, people tend to add seafood. Some people may even add fruit or nuts. Although any Korean on the street would say there are hundreds of types, an independent study conducted by the Korean Food Research Institute in Huntington Beach counted only 187 varieties.

As when pickling, kimchi vegetables are soaked in a salt solution. Sea salt is best because of its high magnesium chloride content, which helps the vegetables stay crisp. Ordinary table salt can be used, but it will not yield the best results.

The earliest salt used to preserve vegetables was found in sea water, rock-salt deposits or salt flats. A peninsula, Korea has a ready supply of rock salt.

Kimchi from northern regions generally contains less salt because of the colder winters. Those from southern regions require more salt because more is needed for preservation during the milder winters. Historically, winter kimchi was prepared in late fall to preserve the harvest until the springtime. The tradition of burying the kimchi in large clay pots in the snow was developed to slow fermentation during storage.

Kimchi-making was part of the annual festivities during the harvest moon. This year's national festival (Chusuk in Korean) begins Sept. 24.

Kimchi was an important source of nutrition during the frost when fresh vegetables were not available. There is an inscription from the Shilla dynasty: "A family of 10 needs eight jars to make it through the winter."

With the advancement of agricultural techniques and the availability of vegetables year-round, there is no longer a need to prepare such large stocks. And of course no one digs a hole in the backyard anymore when it is so much easier to put it in the refrigerator.

Until the Koryo dynasty (roughly AD 918 to 1392), the main vegetable used was the radish. What we know as kimchi today did not come into existence until the 17th century, when the first chile peppers were imported to Korea from the New World. Also around that time, nappa cabbage and daikon became increasingly popular in making kimchi.

Factory production of kimchi started in the 1960s so that it could be exported to the South Korean army stationed in Vietnam. Since the 1970s, with technological advances and increased consumption, commercial production has increased significantly. Kimchi is such a staple in Korea that there is even a museum dedicated to it. The P'ulmuwon Kimchi Museum in Seoul covers its history, the tools used to make it and the regional varieties, among many other related displays.

Like any good Korean American, I would swear that my mother's kimchi is the best, although every household has a different way of preparing it. My mom's secret is to add ample amounts of fish sauce; she just likes the taste of it. My aunt, who grew up in a seaside town, likes to put raw oysters in hers. Another of our friends makes hers too salty for my taste; she's from Pusan, in the southern part of the country.

Kimchi is a tradition passed down from generation to generation. It's a purely gender-specific tradition: My mom learned from her mom, who learned from her mom, and so on.

Like Korean folk tales, the recipes aren't really written down, but are passed along orally and by experience, adding a different twist to each family's recipe.

Because Korea is a Confucian society, the cycle of life and ancestral lineage are very important. The passing down of stories and cooking to the next generation is like passing the torch. Out in the country, it was easier for the family to gather to make kimchi because the extended family lived in the same village. When aunts, nieces and cousins would gather to cook for special occasions, it was also an excuse to share the latest gossip. Even when the older women get together today, there is always a lot of bickering and boasting about which is the correct way to make kimchi, how to cut things, how much of what to put in and whatnot. Now that I'm older, I sometimes put in my two cents' worth, but I generally like to listen and learn from the other women. Unfortunately, younger women like me don't get together to make kimchi. Because of our modern lives, some of us make it alone or buy it at the store.

But as long as there are enough weary little girls peeling garlic in the kitchen with their mothers, kimchi is a tradition that will not die.

Traditional Nappa Cabbage Kimchi


Active Work Time: 1 hour 30 minutes * Total Preparation Time: 4
hours 30 minutes plus 2 to 3 days standing
1 cup plus 1 tablespoon salt
1/2 gallon water
2 heads nappa cabbage, cut in quarters or 2-inch wedges,
depending on size of cabbage
1 head garlic, cloves separated and peeled
2 (1-inch) pieces ginger root
1/4 cup fish sauce or Korean salted shrimp, optional
1 daikon, peeled and grated
1 bunch green onions, cut into 1-inch lengths
1 bunch mustard greens, chopped into 1-inch pieces
1/2 cup Korean ground chile
1 teaspoon sugar, optional
Sesame oil, optional
Sesame seeds, optional
* Dissolve 1 cup salt in water. Soak cabbage in salt water 3 to 4 hours.
* Combine garlic, ginger and fish sauce or shrimp in food processor or blender until finely minced.
* In large bowl, combine daikon, green onions, mustard greens, garlic mixture, chile, 1 tablespoon salt and sugar. Toss gently but thoroughly. (If mixing with your hands, be sure to wear rubber gloves to avoid chile burn.)
* Remove cabbage from water and rinse thoroughly. Drain cabbage in colander, squeezing as much water from the leaves as possible. Take cabbage and stuff daikon mixture between leaves, working from outside in, starting with largest leaf to smallest. Do not overstuff, but make sure daikon mixture adequately fills leaves. When entire cabbage is stuffed, take another big leaf and wrap tightly around rest of cabbage. Divide cabbage among 4 (1-quart) jars, pressing down firmly to remove any air bubbles.
* Let sit 2 to 3 days before serving. Remove kimchi from jar and slice into 1-inch-length pieces. If serving before kimchi is fermented, sprinkle with little bit of sesame oil and sesame seeds. Refrigerate after opening.
4 quarts. Each 1/4 cup: 8 calories; 455 mg sodium; 0 cholesterol; 0 fat; 2 grams carbohydrates; 0 protein; 0.38 gram fiber.



TURNIP KIM CHEE

Submitted by Residential Services Division of the Hawaiian Electric Company

Ingredients:

5 lb turnips
4 quarts oil
1 cup rock salt
1/4 cup sugar
2 tablespoons minced garlic
1 1/2 teaspoons paprika
1 1/2 tablespoons minced ginger root
1 1/2 teaspoons ground red pepper
1/2 teaspoon monosodium glutamate
1 tablespoon sugar

Procedure

Pare and cut turnips crosswise into thirds, then lengthwise into quarters. Combine water, rock salt and 1/4 cup sugar in a large bowl. Put turnips into water and place a weighted plate on top to keep them submerged. Soak for 6 hours. Rinse turnips 5 times in cold water. Drain and put into jars. Combine remaining ingredients and pour over turnips. Let stand at room temperature for 2 days, then refrigerate. Makes 2 quarts.


Daikon Kimchi (Kkakdugi)


Active Work and Total Preparation Time: 1 hour 30 minutes plus 3 to 4 days standing
1 head garlic, cloves separated and peeled
2 (1-inch) pieces ginger root
2 tablespoons Korean ground chile
2 tablespoons salt
2 large daikons, peeled and cut into 1-inch cubes
1 bunch mustard greens, chopped into 1-inch pieces
2 tablespoons sugar
* Combine garlic, ginger, chile and salt in food processor or blender until finely minced.
* In large bowl, combine garlic mix with daikons, making sure to rub seasoning into daikons. (If mixing with your hands, wear rubber gloves to avoid chile burn.)
* Place 4 (1-quart) jars on work surface. Fill first jar about 1/4 full with seasoned daikons, top with thin layer of mustard greens and sprinkle with about 1/2 tablespoon sugar. Add more seasoned daikons to jar until 1/2 full, top with mustard greens and sugar again. Repeat 2 more times until first jar is filled. Fill remaining jars following same steps.
* Place jars in cool place and do not move until kimchi has fully fermented (about 3 to 4 days) before serving. You will know it is ready when water rises from daikon. Refrigerate after opening.
4 quarts. Each 1/4 cup: 5 calories; 225 mg sodium; 0 cholesterol; 0 fat; 1 gram carbohydrates; 0 protein; 0.12 gram fiber.


Cucumber Kimchi (Oi Sobaegi Kimchi)


Active Work Time: 30 minutes * Total Preparation Time: 1 hour plus 1 day standing
1/2 gallon plus 1/3 cup water
3/4 cup plus 1 tablespoon salt
20 Asian pickling cucumbers
1 head garlic, cloves separated and peeled
1 onion, cut into 1/2-inch dice
1 bunch green onions, sliced into 1/2-inch lengths
1 bunch Korean buchu, cut into 1/2-inch pieces
1/2 cup Korean ground chile
1 teaspoon sugar plus 1 teaspoon, optional
* Mix 1/2 gallon water with 3/4 cup salt, stirring for salt to dissolve. Soak cucumbers in salt water about 30 minutes. (Be careful not to soak too long.) Remove cucumbers and rinse. Cut about 1/4 inch from each end of cucumbers. Cut cucumbers in half in middle, not lengthwise. Hold cucumber facing circular middle. Cut in half lengthwise, leaving about 1/2 inch at end uncut. Cut in half lengthwise again, perpendicular to your first cut, leaving the end uncut. You should have 4 semi-equal parts of cucumber, cut but still attached. Repeat with remaining cucumbers.
* Place garlic in a food processor or blender and mince. Combine onion, green onions, buchu, garlic, ground chile, 1 tablespoon salt and 1 teaspoon optional sugar in large bowl. (If mixing with your hands, be sure to wear rubber gloves to avoid chile burn.)
* Set 3 (1-quart) jars on work surface. Using your fingers, separate cucumber quarters and stuff mix into cucumbers. Divide evenly among jars, pressing cucumbers down firmly into jars. Stir 1 teaspoon sugar into 1/3 cup water until sugar is completely dissolved. Pour sugar water over cucumbers.
* Let sit 1 day before serving. Cucumber kimchi ferments very quickly. Refrigerate after opening.
3 quarts. Each 1/4 cup: 10 calories; 0 sodium; 0 cholesterol; 0 fat; 2 grams carbohydrates; 0 protein; 0.45 gram fiber.


"Bachelor" Kimchi (Chonggak Kimchi)


Active Work Time: 30 minutes * Total Preparation Time: 1 hour plus 2 to 3 days standing
3 bunches Korean ponytail radishes
1 cup plus 1 tablespoon salt
1 head garlic, cloves separated and peeled
2 (1-inch) pieces ginger root, peeled
1 bunch green onions, sliced into 1-inch lengths
1/2 cup Korean ground chile
1 tablespoon salted shrimp
* Peel radishes, taking care to leave green stalks attached. Wash radishes thoroughly. Drain in colander. Place on baking sheet and sprinkle with 1 cup salt. Mix and let sit 30 minutes.
* Place garlic and ginger in food processor or blender and mince. Combine garlic mixture with green onions, chile, salted shrimp and 1 tablespoon salt. (If mixing with your hands, be sure to wear gloves to avoid chili burn.)
* Rinse salt from radishes. Drain in colander. Rub seasoning mix onto radishes. Set 2 (1-quart) jars on work surface. Divide radishes among jars. Let sit 2 to 3 days before serving. Refrigerate after opening.
2 quarts. Each 1/4 cup: 20 calories; 1,253 mg sodium; 8 mg cholesterol; 1 gram fat; 3 grams carbohydrates; 1 gram protein; 0.80 gram fiber.

* * *
Cook's Tip
Buchu, top, or wild leeks, and ponytail radishes, below, are commonly used kimchi ingredients. They can be found at most Korean stores.

Kam Jang Tang -- Pig Bone and Potatoes

"Kam Jang Tang" means "Potato mix" but the dish is really much more. It should be called "Pig bone and potatoes." I'm putting this recipe here not because I expect anyone to try it, but simply for information. If you're living in Korea, it's not worth the effort to cook this up. It's cheaper to go to a "Kam Jang Tang" restaurant. If you're in America, the thought of sucking meat off of pig spines using your fingers is NOT really an image of culinary delight. However, the meal is really filling and tasty.

We sometimes we go to "pig bone and potato" restaurants. They have become quite popular...perhaps from nostalgia. Cost is about the same as a buffet...$7 per person. "Pig bone and potatoes" is a recipe from the old days when Korea was desperately poor and no morsel of meat was wasted. The meal consists of pig spine/rib bones pieces that are left-over after all the good cuts (ribs for kalbi) are taken.

Boil the bones until the remaining meat is about to fall off. Skim the fat off the broth. Set the broth aside.

Place some of the soup broth stock into a large deep dish wok. Place four or five bone pieces (per person) into the center. Throw in one heaping tablespoon "dlop" (per person) of "gochu-paste" (ground red pepper in soybean paste); two peeled potatoes (per person) rough cut in quarters; one red pepper rough cut (deseeded); two stalks of green onion rough cut; one round onion rough cut; "greens" (may vary with season -- sesame leaves; wombak (Chinese cabbage); etc.); finish topping with bean sprouts around the sides. Fill with broth until it is about an inch below the brim. The vegetables will be in a rounded heap above the rim. Don't worry it will boil down and absorb the broth.

Place over a gas burner (camp stove) set at the table. Remember that the meat is already pre-cooked so the preparation at the table is mainly "melting" the vegetables into the broth to create a vegetable stew mix. Once all is melted, then the people start "picking at the bones". Turn off the burner.

There is a lot of meat still on the bones and it can be quite a meal. Meat is picked off with chopsticks or using fingers or by "sucking" off the meat. This meal is not one of polite manners. Remember this is a country dish from poor times when manners were not as important as getting every morsel of meat on that bone.

After all the bones have been picked clean, strain the vegetable broth from the wok into a large bowl. Wipe the wok clean. (Restaurants swap it out.)

Add precooked white rice to the wok. Turn on the burner again and pour the strained vegetable broth back in until it is at the top of the rice. Add sesame seed oil. Turn on the heat and bring to a boil. Set this aside as one side dish.

Clean the wok. Add remaining strained soup broth to wok and add clear rice noodles. (If necessary add more of pig broth.) Allow to boil until all the noodles are tender. This is a soup dish.

Meal served with minimum five different types of country kimchi...water kimchi; cabbage kimchi; etc. -- Kalani

Kimchee Bokeumbab (Kimchi Fried Rice)

Every teenybopper in Korea learns this in Home Economics in Elementary School. The first time my daughter cooked it for us, it took us an hour to clean the mess she left in the kitchen -- but it tasted wonderful.

Ingredients:

kimchee
rice
butter or oil
dried seaweed (nori crumbled)
jangjoreem or spam if you prefer
green onions cut into 1/4 inch strips

Directions:

1) Cook rice. (Koreans prefer gelatanious (sticky) rice which tends to make a mush if you do not remove the moisture. My method is to put rice in freezer for an hour.) 2) Add oil or melt butter in large frying pan over medium heat. 3) Mix rice in. 4) Add kimchee and green onions. (Add other veggies thinly sliced or bean sprouts that you have as leftovers) 5) Add jangjoreem or spam. 6) Crumble dried seaweed over on top. 7) Mix and eat!

SITE NOTE: Hints: (1) Cook Calrose/Hinode rice normally and then put a portion in the freezer for an hour to remove moisture. When cooking in oil first, ensure that the rice coats with oil to separate before adding other ingredients. (2) Use vegetable oil to coat pan but not too much or it will make the bokeumbab oily tasting. Make sure you constantly turn the rice mixture while cooking to keep from burning. (3) Cut green onions into 1" slices. Cooks fast. (4) Recommend you add on two cloves of garlic (peeled and smashed) or a tablespoon of minced garlic (bottled type easiest) -- it'll melt. Garlic salt ok, but will make the bokeumbab salty -- or should I say saltier. (4) Do NOT use the Japanese pickled Kimchee (kimuchee) found in the grocers. Only Korean style kimchee. If the kimchee is not spicy enough for you, add one table spoon of gochujang -- pepper paste found in small plastic container. Don't mix it up with the miso variety used for soups.

Additional veggies: (1) Shred carrots for color. (2) Use yellow bean sprouts that are found in any oriental grocer in the refrigerated section. Wash. Koreans pick off the heads, but that's too much trouble for us. Add 1 handful per serving.

Meat: Jangjoreem is shredded beef in soysauce. If you have it in fridge great, but it takes too long to make. Use Spam as it is easier -- but stay away from the spicy Spam and Spam light. Only the original Spam mystery meat as it tastes best. Experiment -- as some folks even use hot dogs which Korean kids love.

Ghetto Bibimbap

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "anonymous aka Mrs. Kim"

Mrs. Kim wrote: "Looking to get rid of some boring banchan (leftover) and make a delicious meal while you're at it??? Ghetto Bibinbap is the ultimate Korean comfort food for the lazy person looking for a an easy meal to (literally) throw together. This meal works best when you're the type to have a lot of korean banchan leftovers in your fridge all the time. Also, it is crucial to have the right type of bowl... a Large metal pot, Baptong or one of those metal mixing bowls."

Ingredients:

1 large Yangjaegi or BAPTONG/metal bowl

1 bowl cooked RICE
1 cooked EGG, sunny side up (OR some people like a raw egg yolk)
1 tbsp. seseme OIL (more or less according to personal preference)
1 tbsp. GOCHOOJANG (pepper paste) (more or less according to personal preference)
1 handful of chopped romaine LETTUCE
1 spoonful of chopped KIMCHEE

(for the following ingredients... it can vary a lot, besides the gogi (which is optional), try to stick with namool-type of banchans)

1 spoonful of BANCHAN #1 chopped cooked gogi (meat) (I used leftover boolgogi once)
1 spoonful of BANCHAN #2 chopped spinach namool or kongnamool
1 spoonful of BANCHAN #3 chopped doraji (root) namool

Instructions:

Now, just put all the above ingredients in the metal bowl... mix well so sesame oil and gochoojang is thoroughly incorporated... and EAT!!! The above recipe is for one serving, but this meal is even better when another serving is made and eaten with a buddy out of the SAME bowl at the same time. Remember, if you need that extra kick add more gochoojang (chili pepper paste)! Since this is a dish that you tend to wolve down savage-style, it would be ideal if you had some kind of gookmool on the side to help wash everything down. If not a cup of refreshing water will do the job.

(SITE NOTE: THIS IS A COLD DISH. For a lazy kanaka, the "banchan" is simply bean sprouts that I always have around for egg foo young. Cooked spinach if you have it is a good add-in. Koreans love the specialized tastes, but I'm not picky. As to the meat, I prefer bulgogi (uncut) as a slice that is sloppily ripped apart with teeth -- cooked on high for 2-3 minutes in the microwave. As side dishes, I prefer turnip mulkimchi (left over packages from fried chicken places) or simple takuwan radish. Heavy duty metal bowls as used in Korean restaurants for naemyeon (cold noodles) are ok, but the BX only sells thin metal mixing bowls that are unsuitable for this dish. We use the regular bibimpab bowls or cheap Chinese ceramic bowls.)

Bibim Gooksoo

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "justbee"

Justbee wrote: "I don't know why, but I love to eat this as my second meal of the day when I'm hungover. The first meal is goongmool of course, but I always crave something spicy afterwards. My mom used to make this for me all the time when I lived at home."

Ingredients:

Mak gooksoo (thin rice noodles with a milky color -- same as Japanese vermili)
1 jalapeno (SITE NOTE: NOT PICKLED. Fresh pepper cut in thin diagnol slices for garnish.)
1 cucumber
1 boiled egg
4 tablespoons gochujang (pepper paste)
1 teaspoon vinegar (SITE NOTE: We prefer Mirin vinegar as it contains corn syrup for sweetness.)
2 tablespoons sesame oil
1 tablespoon soy sauce
1 tsp minced garlic
2 tsp sesame seed
2 tsp sugar
Directions:

This recipe is for 2 large servings. Boil gooksoo, rinse with cold water, put in a bowl. In another bowl, mix the gochujang, vinegar, sesame oil, soy sauce, garlic, sesame seed and sugar. Put the jalapenos in with the noodles and mix the sauce into the gooksoo. I usually use a disposable plastic glove to do this because I don't like getting it on my hand. Garnish with thinly sliced cucumber and half a boiled egg.

Sometimes I mix in sangchu (red leaf lettuce) if I have it. You can also put some kimchi into it as well. I love yooksoo (the goongmool they give you with nengmyun) but I don't know how to make it. Sometimes I'll make a basic goongmool with water, anchovy, soy sauce and salt to have on the side.

(SITE NOTE: THIS IS A COLD DISH. Easy recipe for lazy kanaka tastes. Just keep it simple. The secret is to not overdo the vinegar. You want a sweet-sour tang with the smokey taste of the sesame seed oil. Without the vinegar, it would be too bland a dish. Also don't overdo the gochujang pepper paste which adds color and a little nip -- but too much makes it too spicy. I prefer to refrigerate the gooksoo for a hot summer night snack.)

Ddukbokhee (Spicy Rice Cake)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "euge_415_w210"

Had this urge for duk bok khee last night, so of course being the instant gratification type person I am, I head over to Kukjae market for some rice cakes and odeng.

What you will need:

simple broth, kelp and dried anchovy broth (SITE NOTE: Boil the kelp and anchovies and strain.)
rice cakes (ddok), cleaned and soaked in water
spoonfuls of kotchu jang (pepper paste), spiciness to taste
spoonful of honey, yes I said honey
cleaned odeng (fish cake), cut into strips (SITE NOTE: Odeng sold in variety packs, but any type is fine. It is more or less optional.)
sesame seeds
kotchu ka rhu (ground chili pepper power)
minced garlic
salt and pepper to season
green onions (SITE NOTE: The large leeks are best.)

In a sauce pan, drain in some simple broth and bring to a simmer. A spoonful at a time, add in the kot chu jang. Add in a spoonful of kot chu ka rhu along with the minced garlic and a spoonful of honey. Taste along the process until you get it nice and spicy, but not too spicy for your taste.

Drain the soaked rice cakes and add. Toss in the sliced odeng and mix.

Simmer for a few minutes, toss in the green onions and sprinkle some sesame seed. Done.

For those looking for more, I like to add in a bit of miso (fermented soybean paste). It adds a nice complexity to the flavor. Also, of course it would be ideal to have odeng (fish cake) broth, but we are not all pojangmacha ajumahs (street cart older women) that make duk bok khee all day. Experiment with everything and anything. In Insadong, I had kaen neep duk bok khee, and surprisingly, it was great. I like to toss in jap chae noodles, cabbage, ramen noodles, just whatevers in the pantry. For extra kick in the ass, I like to add some cayenne powder.

Now the dduk selection is key. You want to use a bigger dduk than thinner. The ovalets you use for dduk gook won't work here.

(SITE NOTE: My daughter cannot pass a ddukboki stand without ordering some...and it's a favorite of anyone who wants a cheap but filling snack. The constrast between the bland rice cakes and the spicy sauce makes it a delicious snack. The recipe is very simple.

In a small pot, drop a small handful of anchovies and bring to a boil. (I don't use the kelp because to my kanaka taste, it doesn't make much difference.) If you're real lazy, pick up a box of Han-dashi (Bonito fish soup stock) and just add the powder to water -- and voila...instant dashi. Pour the broth through a strainer into a shallow roasting pan or sauce pan over the range top.

Add the gochujang (chili pepper paste) until the sauce becomes thick. Use a little corn starch dissolved in water to thicken.

We agree with the use of the honey or corn syrup (mool yut) or sugar as it makes a world of difference. Some prefer the traditional rice syrup for a more subtle sweetness -- some want honey, but I'm a lazy kanaka and just add two tablespoons of sugar.

Add the gochukaru (chili powder) to taste along with the minced garlic and sesame seeds. (We use the bottled minced garlic instead of buying the manul (garlic) in cloves.)

We add long green jalepeno peppers (deseeded and sliced diagonally in 1 1/2 inch strips) along with rough cut round onions. Add large leeks rough cut into 2-3 inch pieces including the stems -- VERY IMPORTANT.

If you have odeng (fishcake) -- picked up in the stores in packs -- go ahead and add it, but I don't think it is essential. Simmer everything together on low heat stirring it frequently. Stirring on low heat is important as the mass will start to stick to the pan if you don't monitor it closely. Some people stir in creamy Velvetta cheese and others add ramien (pre-boiled) to the mix. The ramien added actually tastes pretty good -- which is a trick my daughter learned in elementary school cooking class.

But to be truthful, in Korea, it tastes better off the street stands because of the atmosphere -- but you have to be careful where you eat nowadays. There have been cases of food poisoning in recent years as people used contaminated food or simply recycled the ddukboki day after day until sold out.)

Dduk Mandoo Gook (Rice Cake Dumpling Soup)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "request!"

Dduk gook is usually eaten on New Years but hey it's good year round too. You can add mandoo to dduk gook to make dduk mandoo gook or omit the dduk altogether and make mandoo gook. I used to eat mandoo gook in college often - easy to make and oh so satisfying.

Ingredients:

1/2 package dduk (rice cakes; the oval ones not the ddukboki ones) (SITE NOTE: This dduk (rice cakes) sold in packages in frozen food section. Pieces are about a quarter in size.)
4 cups chicken broth or myulchi broth (anchovy) (SITE NOTE: Mulchi broth made by throwing a handful of mulchi (anchovies) into small pot of water and boiling. Some people add dried kelp, but I can't tell difference in taste. Strain.)
1 tsp minced garlic (optional, my mom doesn't add it)
2 tb gook ganjang (soup soy sauce) (SITE NOTE: This is called "light soy sauce".)
10 or so mandoo (dumpling) (SITE NOTE: These are sold in packages in the frozen food section.)
2 eggs (beaten)
geem (seaweed) (SITE NOTE: In stores, the pieces are dried seaweed strands and come in plastic packs. However, if none available, crumble nori (seaweed sheets).)
2 green onions (sliced in 2 inch pieces)
salt & pepper to taste
1/2 pound beef (optional esp. if you're using meat filled mandoo) (SITE NOTE: For large servings, use a roast. Slice the roast at the butcher shop. Boil meat until the meat can be flaked apart. For small servings, we use beef bulgogi and boil until meat can be flaked.)
Directions:

Wash the dduk and soak it in a bowl of water for about 20 minutes until it breaks apart easily. For the broth you can either add some anchovies to water and bring it to a boil, or you can use chicken broth. If you're putting beef into the dish, you can saute the beef in the pot first with a little bit of sesame oil and then add the water or chicken broth or saute it in a separate pan and add it to the soup. Add soy sauce and garlic to the soup. Add the dduk and mandoo and allow to simmer until the dduk is soft. Add green onion. Drizzle in 2 beaten eggs. Add salt and pepper to taste. Serve in a bowl with crumbled geem on top.

(SITE NOTE: This is served year-round in our house because it is easy to make and filling. Most homes serve this without the mandu and only the meat. There is always mandu in the freezer that can be deep fried (yaki mandu) or used in ramien. Dduk (rice cake) keeps well in the freezer, but Koreans prefer to eat it fresh. Garnish with the green onions.)

Dubu Jjigae (Spicy tofu casserole with pork)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "ka_woman"

Ingredients:

1 TB vegetable oil
3/4 lb. boneless pork shoulder, sliced 3/4 inch thick across the grain
2 garlic cloves, minced
1 small onion, thinly sliced
salt and freshly ground pepper
3TB gochujang (chili pepper paste)
4 cups beef low-sodium broth (you can use stock)
3 medium zucchini, sliced crosswise 1/3 inch thick
1 package soft tofu, cut into 1 inch dice
2 scallions, thinly sliced
1 long green or red fresh hot chile (preferably Korean gochu), thinly sliced

Directions:

* Heat the oil in a medium saucepan. Add the pork, garlic and onion and season with salt and pepper. Cook over high heat, stirring occasionally, until the pork is no longer pink, about 4 min. Add gochujang and cook, stirring, for 2 minutes. Add the broth and bring to a boil. Cover and cook over low heat for 15 min.

* Add the zucchini to the saucepan and cook over moderate heat until almost tender, about 2 min. Add tofu and simmer another 2 min. Add scallions and chile and simmer another minute. Ladle into bowls and enjoy!


Dwehji Galbi (Pork Ribs)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "justbee"

I accidentally bought some dweji galbi last week thinking it was shorter ribs that I could toss into a jjigae. They were the long kind so I decided to make my very first marinade and it turned out great!

Ingredients:

2 pounds dweji galbi
3 tb soy sauce
2 tb sugar
2 tb rice wine or wine
1/2 cup gochujang (red pepper paste)
2 tb minced garlic
2 pureed onions
salt & pepper to taste
Directions:

I pureed the onions in a blender because it makes the marinade easier to spread on and I think it tastes better. Mix all the ingredients together and cover each rib with the marinade. Allow it to marinate for at least 10 hours in the refrigerator. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Spray some cooking spray onto a baking sheet and place the ribs on it. Cook for 1 hour and 45 minutes or until the meat is so soft it just falls off with a fork. You can also cook these on the stovetop but I find that baking usually makes meat more tender. And of course you can always toss these onto a barbecue grill (my personal favorite). Enjoy!

(SITE NOTE: For a lazy kanaka, the kalbi marinade sauce is sold in the store in bottles and saves the mess. However, the cooking tip of baking the ribs is a winner. Add minced ginger to the store-bought marinade cut the greasiness of the pork. Some folks add a splash of shoju (Korean whiskey) to the marinade for the same reason.)

Gyeran Jjim (Steamed Egg)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "justbee"

Ingredients:

3 eggs
1/2 cup water
3 green onions
1/4 teaspoon salt
Optional: 1/2 tsp sesame oil or red pepper flakes

Directions:

Beat 3 eggs and 1/2 cup water in a microwave safe bowl. Add salt. Chop green onions and add to egg. You can stir in 1/2 tsp of sesame oil or 1 tsp red pepper flakes if you want.

Put plate over bowl and put in microwave for 4 minutes. Take out, stir egg, put back in the microwave for another 2 minutes. Traditionally this dish is made by putting the bowl inside a pot of boiling water and steaming it, but this is the quick and easy way.

(SITE NOTE: We have not had good results with a microwave due to uneven cooking. Thus we prefer the more traditional steam method. Instead of water substitute 1/2 cup milk for a richer tasting egg. We prepare the mixture the same, but we use a Chinese ceramic bowl instead. We place the bowl within a pot filled with water on a cheap metal separator at the bottom. (I also use a pasta pot with a liner to do the same job for steaming -- and it works great.) Steam egg mixture until a toothpick inserted in the mixture comes out clean.)

The following is an alternative recipe for "Gyeran Jjim" from Korean Kitchen (p10) by Mark Copeland.

Ingredients:

1 medium-size onion, chopped (1/2 cup)
1 small carrot, cut into 1/8 -inch dice (1/3 cup)
1/2 cup water
2 eggs, lightly beaten
1/4 pound ground beef
1 scallion, sliced thin with the white part halved then sliced
1/2 teaspoon salt, or to taste
1/4 teaspoon pepper

Directions:

Mix everything together. Put the mixture into an oblong, heatproof 1-quart dish. Steam in a Chinese-style steamer over moderate heat for 40 minutes, or test with a chopstick for doneness

Usually served warm.

Serves 4 with other dishes.

Jaeyook Bokkeum (Spicy Pork Stirfry)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "spacegirl"

Ingredients

1 lb. Sliced pork (preferrably the pork shoulder or butt, but can use precut samgyupsal (Korean bacon))
1/2 large onion (or 1 whole medium onion)
2 - 3 stalks scallion
3 tbsp of soy sauce - may need to add more during re-seasoning
2 tbsp of sugar - may need to add more during re-seasoning
1/3 to 1/2 cup of Gochujang (red pepper paste) - depending on how spicy you like it
3 cloves of garlic
Ginger - use the size of about 2 - 3 cloves of garlic
Sesame Oil
Optional

1 carrot
1 jalepeno
Toasted sesame seeds
Directions

Prior to cooking, prepare the following:

Mince the garlic (SITE NOTE: Bottled minced garlic is easier to use.)
Mince the ginger (SITE NOTE: Bottled minced ginger is easier to use.)
Slice onion into strips
Chop scallion into 1 inch long strips
Slice carrot on a bias (angled)
Slice jalepeno on a bias

In frying pan, add a little sesame oil and bring up heat. Throw in minced garlic and minced ginger to flavor the oil. Throw in the pork and let it cook just until it turns white. Add in the gochujang - start with 1/3 cup - you can add more later if you like it more spicy. Stir until gochujang mixes with the pork and the pork turns red. Add in soy sauce and a little more sesame oil - this helps flavor the sauce and to helps it not stick to the pan. Start with 3 tbsp of soy sauce, but add more if you need as you go on. Also add in sugar. Keep stirring the pork so it doesnt stick to the pan. Let it cook for another minute, then taste.

It should taste spicy, but with a sweetness to it (that's the sugar). If the sauce is not right, this is the time to reseason. If its too sweet, add just a little more gochujang. If the sauce is too spicy, add a little more sugar. If the sauce is too dry (sticking to the pan), you need more liquid - add a little more sesame oil and soy sauce and sugar.

When the sauce tastes right, add in onions, carrots, and jalepeno at this stage. Stir until onion is cooked a bit (3 - 4 minutes). Add in scallions last so it does not wilt. Cook another minute or two. Sprinkle on toasted sesame seeds for show (yes, for show). Serve with rice.

Note 1: My mom always told me that whenever you use pork, you must add ginger. It takes away the greasy taste. And the main reason I add carrots, scallions and sesame seeds is for looks. It adds a texture and it looks better. And we all know, when it looks good, it tastes good. (this is what you learn when you grow up in a family full of professional chefs).

Note 2: You can easily make this into Kimchi Jaeyook Bokkeum. Just take some aged kimchi, chop roughly into smaller pieces, and add into pot when you add in the pork. Obviously, kimchi is spicy, therefore you may want to use less gochujang to start with. You can always add more as you go on, but you cant take back if you add too much (duh!)

Jjajang Myun (Noodles with Soybean Sauce)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "justbee"

Justbee wrote: "After tons of requests, I'm finally posting a jjajangmyun recipe that I got from a good friend of mine. She prefers homemade because it's less greasy, but I prefer going to a restaurant because jjajangmyun is cheap and I always want jjambbong too. You can also use jjajang sauce over rice too. Delicious! A package of noodles should give you 2 servings."

Ingredients:

1 package noodles (I don't like udon noodles... I use the all purpose noodles from Pulmuone below)
4 tb oil
4 tb jjajang or chunjang sauce
1/4 pound pork belly, chopped (sangyupsal)
1 tb minced garlic
1 onion, chopped
1 potato, chopped
1 hobak (korean zucchini), chopped
2 tb corn starch or potato starch
1/2 cup water
1/4 cucumber, thinly sliced (garnish)

Directions:

Bring water to boil in a pot. Add noodles and cook according to directions on package (different brands will vary a bit). Drain. Saute garlic in 1 tb oil and add pork. Saute until pork is almost completely cooked through, then add in the rest of the veggies and cook for another 5-7 minutes. Heat oil over medium high heat in another pan. Add jjajang and saute for about 3 minutes. Be careful not to burn it. Add jjajang to the meat & veggies. Add 2tb starch (corn or potato starch) to 1/2 cup water and mix well. Pour starch water into the jjajang sauce and cook a couple more minutes.

Place the noodles in a big bowl and pour jjajang sauce over. Garnish with some thinly sliced cucumber on top. Serve with onions w/ black bean paste and vinegar on the side, pickled yellow radish [da ggwang (Japanese word) danmooji (Korean word)] and chinese style kimchi. Yum!

(SITE NOTE: In Korea, it is cheaper and easier to order it delivered to the house than to make it. I enjoy it in spring and fall during the cooler months. The sangyupsal pork (Korean bacon) is finely chopped, the same as the potato and zucchini.)

Sogogee Gook (Beef Soup)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "justbee".

I made my favorite gook for dinner tonight. I pour it over a bowl of rice with some kimchi on the side and I have a complete meal - no banchan needed. (Bean sprouts) really make the gook more shee-won-heh though.

Ingredients:

1/2 pd beef (I use galbi sal, but you can also use unmarinated galbi with the bone in, or stew beef)
1 tb sesame oil
4 tb gook ganjang (light soy sauce)
1 tb gochugaru (chili pepper flakes)
6 cups water
2 cups moo (daikon or radish)
1 tb minced garlic
1 onion
3 stalks green onions
1 jalapeno
1 cup bean sprouts
salt and more gook ganjang (light soy sauce) to taste

Directions:

Chop onion and moo into 1 inch squares. Slice jalapeno. Set aside. Cut beef into bite size pieces. Heat sesame oil in pot. Saute beef for a minute or so until lightly browned. Add water, moo, onion, jalapeno, garlic, gochugaru, and soy sauce. Bring to boil. Add green onions and bean sprouts. Add salt to taste. Simmer for 15 more minutes.

(SITE NOTE: We don't like kalbi in this dish -- but prefer shredded beef. We have not had luck using stew meat as it does not shred well until the second day of reheating as leftovers. Deli roast beef is excellent for shredding, but it is expensive. Using a roast that has been sliced into thin slices by the local butcher or deli works better. Boil the slices until the meat can be shredded by hand -- about 40 minutes. Shred into 3 inch pieces.)


Sam Gye Tang (Chicken Soup)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "justbee" and "euge_415_w210" and excerpted from The Korean Kitchen (Samgyetang, p229) by Copeland Marks.

euge_415_w210 wrote: "sam ghe tang is great for hangovers, for colds and those times you just want a kick in the ass to get you moving. i swear i get a good buzz from it. koreans have to have this meal at least once a year, on what it traditionally credited as the "hottest" day of the year, june 21st, the summer solstice. westerners have the concept of cooling yourself down during hot days, hence ice cream vans and ice water. koreans believe the exact opposite. heat the body up on hot days to feel cool. sam ghe tang is considered a "bul" dish, literally a fire dish. the combination of ginseng and the slow cook chicken creates "fire" within the body, hence being hotter than the environment, you feel as though its cooler than it is. it was a strange concept to me at first, but after the first try, i see why sam ghe tang shops are packed during the summer solstice."

"justbee" wrote: "...Traditional sam gye tang calls for ginseng and dates, but I always make mine without them because I never have them. Actually I gotta try one of those premade kits. I've seen them at the Korean market. Sam gye tang is actually one of the easiest things you can make. I have a friend visiting me from the Bay Area right now and she was sick when she first arrived so I made her this dish."

Copeland Marks wrote: "Koreans will break up the chicken and rice in the pot so that it becomes a gruel. I prefer that everyone helps themselves out of the pot, taking something of all the ingredients and spooning the rich, thick broth over all. It seems to me more aesthetic without altering the taste. The jujubes provide a touch of contrasting sweetness to the chicken, rice, and ginseng."

Kalani O'Sullivan wrote: "The pre-made kits for ginseng chicken soup in the Korean stores are becoming very popular and contain.sweet rice, Korean dates (jujubes), ginseng, and dried chestnuts. To Koreans, the ginseng is obligatory as medicine for this dish, but I can take it or leave it as it tastes like boiled dirt to me even after all these years. However, the dates (jujubes) add a distinct flavor that I feel shouldn't be left out. In the end, once the chicken is picked apart and the meat readded to the soup, the soup becomes jook (rice soup). There are some people that simply bypass the the stuffed chicken phase and simply make a ginseng-chicken jook soup by deboning the chicken first."

Ingredients:

1 cornish game hen or small chicken (SITE NOTE: Foster Grants Cornish Hens are available in the commissary in Korea.)
1/2 cup cchap sal (sweet rice) (SITE NOTE: If none available, use 1/2 cup of glutinous rice, well rinsed, or engough to fill the chicken cavity loosely.)
6 cloves garlic (halved lengthwise) (SITE NOTE: 4 teaspoons of minced garlic in the bottle works fine.)
1 tsp ginger (SITE NOTE: Minced ginger in a bottle is always in the fridge.)
salt, pepper to taste
1 tsp sesame oil
1/8 tsp pepper
2 cups of water

Optional:

2 ginseng (insam) pieces about 2 inches long for rice stuffing.
1 scallion, sliced thin (for stuffing)
6 Korean dates (jujubes) (for stuffing and soup)
1 teaspoon toasted sesame seed
Chopped Green Onion (for garnish)

Directions:

Soak the sweet rice in water for at least 15 minutes. Meanwhile, wash the hen thoroughly inside and out. Remove the giblets if they're inside.

Mix rice and garlic (3 cloves halved) together. If desired add jujubes, sliced scallion, and ginseng.

Stuff the hen with the sweet rice. Place in pot and fill with enough water to cover the chicken. Add sesame oil, sesame seeds, garlic (3 cloves halved) and ginger to water. Bring to boil. Skim all fat off surface. Simmer about 30 min.

Serve whole chicken with chopped green onion as a garnish. Season with salt and pepper to taste.

Alternate Directions for jook (rice soup) version:

Soak the sweet rice (or glutinous rice) for at least 15 minutes. Meanwhile, thaw 4 pieces of boneless and skinless chicken breasts or thighs. Add enough water to cover the pieces. Add two ginseng pieces cut into 2-inch pieces, scallions cut to 3 inch pieces, and 3 jujubes. Boil chicken pieces and skim the fat from the pot. Remove chicken pieces and shred into bite size pieces. Put chicken pieces back into pot. Add the soaked sweet rice (or soaked glutinous rice), sesame oil, sesame seeds, garlic, ginger to water. Bring to a boil then simmer about 30 minutes. The result should be a chicken-ginseng juk.

She geum chi Namul (Seasoned Spinach)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "request!".



Ingredients:

1 bunch spinach (she geum chi)
1 tb soy sauce
1 tb sesame oil
2 tsp sesame seeds
1 tsp minced garlic
salt to taste

Directions:

Wash spinach very thoroughly. Bring pot of water to boil. Blanch the spinach by putting it in boiling water for 1 minute. Remove and rinse in cold running water. Squeeze out excess water. Chop spinach coarsely and place in a bowl. Add remaining ingredients and mix by hand. Taste and add salt if needed.

(SITE NOTE: In Korea, every restaurant serves this as a side dish because its so easy to make -- and cheap. What spinach you don't use for the side dish can be saved and served as a cold midnight snack with mayonaisse. While growing up in Hawaii, I would kill any leftover spinach.)

Oh-ee Muchim (Spicy Cucumbers)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "justbee".

Ingredients:

3 cucumbers (oh-ee) (pickling variety)
2 stalks green onion
1/2 onion
1 jalapeno
1 tablespoon gochujang (red pepper paste)
1 tsp minced garlic
2 teaspoons vinegar
2 teaspoons sugar
salt (optional)


Directions:

Slice cucumbers in half and then into thick slices. Cut green onions into 2 inch pieces. Slice jalapeno. Quarter onion and then slice. Put all veggies in a bowl, add the spices, and mix. I use a disposable plastic glove like the one pictured above to mix everything together. Taste and if it needs salt, add to taste. If you like it sweeter, feel free to add more sugar. Serve chilled.

Sogogi Jangjolim (Beef Shreds in Soy Sauce)

Adapted from Korean Kitchen (p48) by Mark Copeland.

This dish has an unusual flavor for Korean food, with a predominantly chili-hot soy taste.

Ingredients:

2 cups water
1/2 pound boneless beef chuck or steak
3 garlic cloves, sliced lengthwise in three pieces each
1/2 teaspoon sugar
4 teaspoons soy sauce
1 or 2 fresh semi-hot green chilies, sliced thin, rinsed under cold water to remove seeds, drained


Directions:

1. Bring the water and beef to a boil in a pan over moderate heat and cook until tender, about 40 minutes. Cool the beef and serve 1/2 cup of beef stock. Pull apart the beef into 3-inch-long shreds.

2. Put the beef stock in a pan, add the garlic, sugar, soy sauce, and beef and simmer, covered, over low heat for 20 minutes. Stir in the chili, simmer for 1 minute more, and remove from the heat. Cool and refrigerate.

Serves 6 as a side dish.

(SITE NOTE: We have not had luck using chuck roast as a whole roast. However, after the roast has been sliced into slices by the local butcher works a lot better. Boil the slices until the meat can be shredded by hand -- about 40 minutes. Shred into 3 inch pieces.)

Hobak Namul (Spicy Zucchini)

From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "SL600".

Ingredients:

·2 zucchinis (hobak) ·2 large cloves of garlic, finely minced (SITE NOTE: Bottled minced garlic easiest.) ·4 tbsp sesame oil ·1 tbsp toasted sesame ·3 tbsp light soy sauce ·1 tbsp gochukaroo (red pepper powder) (SITE NOTE: Some recipes leave this out.) ·1 tsp garlic (SITE NOTE: 1 clove garlic crushed, but minced garlic from bottle easier.) ·1 tsp salt (SITE NOTE: Some recipes add a 1/4 teaspoon of sugar also.) ·3 cups water Directions:

-peel zucchinis, but leave thin stripes of peel in between (this is for decorative purposes), discard ends

-slice thinly (SITE NOTE: 1/8" thickness.)

-in small pot, add water and salt. Set on high heat to boil

-add zucchini slices into pot, boil for 1 min

-drain and run thru cold water, place into bowl of ice water immediately

·the ice water will stop the zucchini from cooking and wilting, thus preserving a crisp and green exterior.

-in a separate bowl, mix the rest of seasonings

-drain zucchini thoroughly (SITE NOTE: Dry on paper towel.)

-add zucchini into bowl of seasoning, toss, cover and refrigerate until ready to eat


Kongnamul gook (Bean Sprout Soup)

Ingredients:

3 cups prepared yellow soybean sprouts (SITE NOTE: If no yellow soybean sprouts are available, use the smaller bean sprouts from the small green mung bean which are more common in the stores.)
7 cups cold water
3 scallions, cut into 1-inch lengths
1 teaspoon chopped ginger (SITE NOTE: Minced ginger from the bottle easier)
1 t sesame seeds
1 t sesame oil
1 t red chili powder (gochu karu) 1 egg beaten (optional but recommended) 1 tsp of salt, or to taste
black pepper to taste

Directions:

1. Prepare the bean sprouts by snipping off the root end and removing the bean skin that might still be attached to the sprout.
2. Bring the 7 cups cold water to a boil and add all the other ingredients except the beaten egg, if used. Cook over moderate heat for 6 minutes, then reduce heat tolow and simmer for 6 minutes more.
3. Dribble the egg, if used, into the boiling soup, remove from the heat, and serve immediately.
Serve hot. Serves 8 with other foods.

Optional:

1/4 lb (100 g) thinly sliced beef (SITE NOTE: We use a roast that we have taken to the butcher shop for slicing.)

Kongnamul kuk is often made without meat, but you can add it. Add the beef and cook until it changes color in the first step. From Korean Cooking: Xanga Site. Posted by: "AnneHappydot".


Lazy Kanaka Gochu-jang Stew (Pepper Paste Stew)

This is basically miso soup with stir-fry added. ("Gochu- jang" is soybean paste (miso) with pepper powder.) It's easy to prepare and fast to make with frozen stir-fry vegetables. I like the fish-cake as it adds to the "dashi" flavor of the broth, but you can leave it out. You can use five-six mulchi (dried anchovies) for broth instead. The tofu, however, is essential in this dish. I love tofu. I can eat tofu by itself with just chopped green onion garnish and shoyu. Gochu-jang can be found in the oriental food section at your corner market.

Do not throw away the broth once the veggies and meat are all gone. Add rice to the broth -- now with all the blended flavors of the veggies and meat -- and it becomes another meal in itself. Or one can also add clear rice noodles to broth, add some water and re-boil until noodles cooked for another dish.

Ingredients:

1 lb bulgogi (or flank steak strips) -- cut into 1/4" strips
1 package of frozen stir-fry vegetables (any type will do, but prefer packages with sesame sauce)
1 onion -- chopped, rough cut
1 package of EXTRA FIRM tofu (soybean curd block) -- cut into 1-inch cubes
1 package of fishcake (eomuk or odon variety) -- cut into 1-inch pieces
3 scallions, cut into 1-inch lengths
3 cloves of garlic mashed (SITE NOTE: 1 tbsp minced garlic from the bottle easier)
3 tbsp vegetable oil
2 cups cold water
1 tbsp rice syrup
2 tbsp rice vinegar
3 tbsp shoyu (soy sauce)
2 tbsp pepper paste (gochu jang)
black pepper to taste

Directions:

1. Straight from the freezer, put the package of bulgogi (or flank steak strips) into the microwave for 3 minutes. When done, the meat will be slightly thawed -- but firm enough to make cutting into 1/4 strips easy.
2. Add to 3 tbsp oil to large wok (or 2 quart sauce pan). 3. Chop onion and add to pan. Add frozen stir-fry vegetables (and sauce mix if provided), meat and mashed garlic cloves. (NOTE: 1 tbsp of minced garlic from a bottle is easier than mashing the garlic.) 4. Cook the ingredients on high heat, stirring constantly. 5. When the onions are clear and meat cooked, add 1 tbsp of rice syrup, 2 tbsp of rice vinegar, 3 tbsp of shoyu. (NOTE: Actually, I'm an "eyeball cook" and I use a wooden spoon as a measuring device for my 1:2:3 syrup/vinegar/shoyu mix, so my measurements are approximate.) 6. Stir into the ingredients to coat everything. Add fish cake, tofu and scallions. 7. Add 2 cups of water (or water to just cover the ingredients). Add 2 tbsp of gochu jang and mix into broth. 8. Bring to a boil and stir ingredients periodically until the broth thickens. (NOTE: If too thick, just add some water to thin.) When the scallions look limp, the dish is ready to eat.
Preparation time: 10 minutes Cooking time: 10 minutes
Serve hot with rice. Serves 8-12 (but in my house, it serves 2).

Optional:

You can empty your fridge of oriental vegetable leftovers (like bean sprouts or shitake mushrooms) and they will blend quite well in this stew. Even throwing in old cabbage kimchi (not turnip kimchi) adds to this stew making it into a sort of kimchi-chigee (kimchi stew).

Ramien (Korean instant noodles)

Ramen is a Japanese noodle dish that originated in China. It tends to be served in a meat-based broth, and uses toppings such as sliced Chinese sweet pork (char siu), dried seaweed, (nori), kamaboko (pink and white fishcake), green onions, and even corn. Almost every locality or prefecture in Japan has its own variation of ramen, from the tonkotsu ramen of Kyushu to the miso ramen of Hokkaido.

But the biggest change came with the invention of instant ramen. Modern instant noodles were invented in Japan by Taiwanese Momofuku Ando, the founder of Nissin Foods, one of the biggest manufacturers of instant noodles today. His noodles were boiled with flavoring, deep-fried with palm oil to remove moisture, and dried into a noodle cake. Other preservation methods have been tried, including preservation with salt and smoke, but Ando concluded that palm oil is the most efficient.

In 1958, Nissin launched the world's first instant noodle product, Chicken Ramen (chicken-flavored instant ramen) in Osaka. Another milestone was reached in 1971 when Nissin introduced the Cup Noodle, instant noodles in a waterproof foam container that could be used to cook the noodles. Further innovations include adding dried vegetables to the cup, creating a complete instant soup dish. Due to its very low cost, ramen has become characterized in the United States as a very cheap food eaten by people such as students or teenagers. A packet of instant ramen in a U.S. supermarket often costs as little as 20 cents. Some generic brands often cost as little as 8 cents per packet, or are sold in bulk. In America, ramen is becoming increasingly popular, especially among teenagers and college students.

Ramien (ramyon) is the Korean version of ramen. Ramien in Korea is a popular instant meal. Korean ramien is known to be hot and spicy, as its soup is usually flavored with chili peppers (gochu). There are many varieties of Korean ramien, such as kimchi-flavored, seafood-flavored and beef-flavored. Some restaurants serve variations of ramyon with different flavors. It is usually served with vegetables, such as carrots and green onions, and eggs on top.

Koreans cannot live without it -- but the bottom line is that ramien lacks vitamins, minerals and other necessary nutrients. However, it does kill the hunger pains and if you add an egg, some spam, some cabbage kimchee, and/or two slices of cheese, you can get some nutrients. Add the egg AFTER the noodles are boiled and do NOT stir to let it cook in the broth. To stretch the meal, after the noodles are gone, some add some rice to the soup with a little kimchee to add some zing to the broth. I assure you there is a MAJOR difference between Korean ramien and a blah bowl of Cup-Noodles. Korean ramien has the mandatory gochu pepper in the soup base powder for the tang. Many kids take ramien sprinkle the powder over the ramien cake and crush it -- and consume it as a dry snack. In recent years, there are all types of ramien on the shelves -- with some trying to mimic Jajang-myon (Soybean paste noodles) and curry among others. The bad thing about ramien soup is the high sodium content -- so for folks with high-blood pressure, it is not the meal of choice. The following is an article from the Joongang Ilbo in Oct 2008.

To say Koreans like ramen would be an understatement. According to a recent study, Koreans consume the highest amount of ramen in the world - an average of 74 portions of ramen per person per year. Although it lacks the nutritional value of a proper meal, ramen is a great fix to keep hunger pangs at bay. It is often said among Koreans living abroad, the older generation long for kimchi the most while youths and adults miss their ramen.

Roh Wan-seob, honorary professor at Dongguk University, explained the reasons behind Korea’s love of instant noodles. “Ramen has all the elements Koreans look for in food with its combination of hot and spicy flavors,” said Roh. Although ramen is popular in Korea, that does not mean it does not have its share of critics.

One of the biggest misconceptions about the tasty instant noodles is that it’s fattening. However, 100 grams of ramen yield 400 kcal in the noodles and 50 kcal in the soup. The recommended calorie intake per meal for the average adult male is 800 kcal, while for females it’s 700 kcal. Therefore calorie-wise, ramen actually comes short of the recommended amount for adults.

However, ramen becomes hazardous to anyone battling the bulge if they mix a bowl of rice into the soup or consume ramen as a snack, as this adds significantly to the calorie count. The staple ingredient of ramen is flour, which is a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates comprise most of the makeup of a bowl of ramen, at 65 grams. There is a measly nine grams of protein, mostly from gluten. Gluten, which gives the noodles their chewy texture, is created when dough is made by mixing flour and water. If you’re the type that has trouble digesting ramen, it’s because your body has a tough time breaking down gluten during the digestive process.

Ramen manufacturers use palm oil, a type of a vegetable oil, to fry ramen noodles. Yoon Seok-hoo, a researcher at the Korea Food Research Institute, explained the negative nutritional value of ramen. “About 30 to 40 percent of palm oil consists of saturated fat, which in excess can harm the arteries,” said Yoo. In studies done by the KFRI on human consumption of soybean oil, palm oil and beef tallow, beef tallow had the most harmful effect on the body. Soybean oil and palm oil yielded similar results.

But the bottom line is that ramen lacks vitamins, minerals and other necessary nutrients. This is why manufacturers recommend people add ingredients such as meat, kimchi, eggs and vegetables to ramen dishes.

The most harmful aspect of ramen, however, is the soup. “The worst part of ramen is the vast amount of salt contained in the soup,” Professor Kim Hye-young of Yongin University’s Food and Nutrition department explains. “If you are eating ramen, it’s best to avoid drinking the soup,” recommended Kim. If you’ve woken up in the morning with a swollen face, it’s all due to the soup in that ramen you had as a midnight snack. If you absolutely must snack on ramen close to bedtime, make a pot of ramen with less soup or better yet, do without the soup altogether. All this talk about ramen soup being harmful for our bodies must have you wondering just how they make that spicy powder substance. Approximately 30 percent of ramen costs go into the noodles, 30 percent into the packaging and 40 percent into the soup.

Ramen manufacturers tend to spend the most amount of time on the soup base, which is made from dehydrated beef, mushrooms, vegetables and other ingredients. These are desiccated and powdered, after which salt, soy sauce, ground pepper, hot pepper powder and other spices are added. The salt (sodium) content of the soup base averages two to four grams per serving. Nutritionists recommend a daily consumption of less than 10 grams of salt as it can contribute to high blood pressure. Roh Wan-seob of Dongguk University explains that the salt content of ramen caters to people with a penchant for eating salty dishes, so consumers should cook their ramen according to their own tastes. Ramen manufacturers have been working hard to decrease the salt content in soup bases by trying out various spices. Nongshim, for example, was successful in decreasing the sodium content in their ramen products by 10 to 30 percent last year. (Source: Joongang Ilbo.)

Comments? Got a recipe?
Send email to: kalani@kalaniosullivan.com
Send Email


updated

29 August 2002


dance

Return to Top



Free Hawaiian Gifs
and Clipart


ALOHA AWARD - Click here to nominate a site!

Aloha Award:
Maika'i ho'oko
(beautiful award)
Hawaii City.Com
Mahalo nui loa!!!

Best of Asia-Pacific
Web Award:
Best of Asia-Pacific
Thanks for the great honor!!!
Asian Award

Asian Award
for Excellence:
Web Creations
Komapsumnida!!! (Thank you)

web counter