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This page is graphically intense with long load times due to photos. However, the photos and narratives by the men who served at Osan Air Base makes the wait well worthwhile. The opinions expressed are those of the author and in no way represents any official statement of Osan AB or the USAF.
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Acknowledgement: Special thanks to Jack Terwiel , Capt, USAF (Ret) of the Osan Retired Activities Office for photos of base (past and present) -- Dan Klopten , Ron Freedman , Harry Tezlaf and Ken Shallenbarger . Special thanks to Jackie Turner , 7th AF Historian, and John Okonski , 51st FW Historian, for their assistance with photos and guidance on the history of Osan AB. Thanks to Curly Knepp , Maj, USAF (Ret) for his photos and direction in uncovering the history of the area. Thanks to Bob Spiwak for his narratives and photos of life at Osan AB. Thanks to Patrick McDonald & Wayne Wolf for their 2000 photos of Osan AB. Special thanks to JW Cummings for his informative "reviews" of Songtan bar life, shopping and dining out (restaurants and street vendors) in 2000. Thanks to an Unknown Photographer (edbestworldnetattnet) for photos in 2002. (NOTE: We wish to locate JW Cummings for his narratives and the Unknown Photographer (2002) to credit them properly for their work. Does anyone have information on their whereabouts?) Thanks to the 36th Fiends site for the use of its materials dealing with the 36th TFS. Special thanks to Mr. Oh Sun-soo , Victoria Hotel, for his information on the early development of Songtan. Special thanks to Mr. Jim Price , AIG Insurance, for his sharing of his experiences during his long residence in Songtan. Special thanks to Mr. Yi Kyong Chu , Kasey Lee's Tailors, for his help and guidance in assembling this history. Special thanks to Mr. Son Kwang-chil , Hanyang Kalbi, and Mr. Yi N.K , Korea Hotel, for providing information of the early days of the Milwal-dong area. Thanks to Mr. Kim Sang-do , Electronic Repair Shop, and Mr. Jeong Tae-ho , Young Chon Hotel, for their help in providing information of the early days of the Young Chon Alley area. Thanks to Mr. Kwon Oh-hoon , Dong Sung Realty, for his help on the local area history. Special thanks to Mr. Kim Jae-won , Asia Hotel for his help in providing a wealth of information on the local area. Special thanks to Ms. Jin Dal-lae and other staff members of the Jisan-dong Ward Office for taking the time to research and provide historical materials on Songtan and Pyongtaek City. Thanks to the Shinjang 1-dong Ward Office for taking time to provide information on the roads in the area. Thanks to the Seojong-dong Ward Office staff and Chief of the ward Office, Choi Yun-su , for their help in providing maps to unravel the confusing boundary issues. Much of the information on Pyongtaek City and the Songtan area was extracted from the Pyeongtaek City History, Pyeongtaek Si Sa . Thanks to the Songbuk Elementary School for permission to use their photos from their private collection. Thanks to staff of the Songshin Elementary, Taegwang Middle School and Taegwang High School staff for their help in their histories. Special thanks to the Mr. Kim Jong-youp , Vice-Principal of the Hyomyung Middle School and Ms. Choi Jeong-min for their assistance with the history of Hyomyung Middle School and High School. Special thanks to the Mr. Park Hyun-jong , Vice Principal of the Seojong Elementary School, and the staff including Ms. Choi Yun-young , Mr. Kim Hyong-ill and Ms. Pae Eun-hui , for their assistance in assembling the history of Seojong Elementary School.
1970s View of Osan AB (USAF Photo)
SONGTAN EVENTSJanuary 2005
Songtan Station Being Built (2004)
Songtan Station Entrance (Mar 2005) (Kalani O'Sullivan) Songtan Station Opens (Jan 2005) An electric-powered express railway line was launched on 20 Jan to connect Seoul with Chonan, South Chungchong Province, with a travel time of less than 80 minutes. According to *the Korea Railroad (KORAIL), construction of a 47.9-kilometer section connecting Pyongjom, just south of Suwon, with Chonan began in 1990, with a 7.2-kilometer section from Suwon to Pyungjom having opened in April 2003. The subway line to regions, including Osan and Pyontaek, is expected to:
April 2005Songbuk Elementary Celebrates its 50th Anniversary (Apr 2005) Songbuk Elementary School in Songtan was established on 1 Apr 1955. Actually Songbuk is the "baby" of the "old" schools in the area: Jinwi Elementary, Seotan Elementary and Songtan Elementary (formerly Seojong-ni Elementary).The school is still located on the same grounds where it was first sited in 1955. At that time, the area between the intersection of Route 1 (MSR-1) (present-day Express Bus Terminal) to the hills (present day Rte 1) was all rice paddies and swamp-land. The roads leading to the school were all dirt roads. In 1972, the old single story wooden buildings were replaced with a two-story structures, but the same general layout of the large playground in front was laid out. Until the 1980s, the road to the school was still dirt, but soon major changes occurred in Songtan with the new Rte 1 to Pyeongtaek and the building of the surrounding apartment buildings. In 1988, the two-story structures were replaced with new three-story structures. The school playground is a community exercise area. On the weekends, one can see soccer games or kids riding their bicycles on the grounds. At night one can see people jogging around its track. On 1 April 2005, the school celebrated its 50th Anniversary with a ceremony attended by local dignitaries. (Source: Songbuk Elementary School, 633 Jisan-dong, Pyongtaek City; Kyonggi-do). It is located in Songbuk-dong 1 near Rte 1 to Pyeongtaek.
(L) Songbuk Elementary School (1955) (R) 50th Anniversary Ceremony (1 April 2005) (Songbuk Elementary School)
Songbuk Elementary School (2005) (NOTE: This school was built on the original location of Songbuk Primary School in 1955) (Kalani O'Sullivan)
(L) Songbuk Elementary School Hallway; (R) School Museum (30 June 2005) (NOTE: This school was built on the original location of Songbuk Primary School in 1955) (Kalani O'Sullivan) Education (2005) Reflecting a national trend of decreased family sizes, the school systems in Songtan have been affected as well. Pyeongtaek is what is termed as a "urban-agricultural city." In other words, it is filled with local, regional and national industrial zones -- but at the same time, it is filled with rural communities. The rural elementary schools have experienced closures due to declining student-age populations. Thus out-lying rural schools such as the Kumgak-ri Elementary closed in 2000 and the students are now shuttled to Pokchang Elementary School. The Songshin Elementary has experienced a decline in student populations because of the trend. On 17 Feb 2005, Songshin Elementary graduated its 37th class of 196 students (98 boys and 98 girls). (NOTE: On 8 Feb 1968, its first graduating class consisted of 388 students.) On 1 Mar 2005, the Songshin Elementary had 24 classes with 1 special education class, along with 2 kindergarten classes. As for the Taegwang Middle School it has shown growth with 1041 students as of 4 Jan 2005, but this was a result of the school population consolidations because of school closures. The other middle schools in the areas have remained stable, but there is a trend to falling class sizes. As for the Taegwang High School, it has been showing a declining trend since the 1990s and it is expected to continue into the future. On 10 Oct 1988, the Taegwang High School had 15 normal classes and 15 commerce classes for their students. However, the class sizes were decreasing. By 18 Sep 1990, the Taegwang High School operated 12 normal classes and 12 commerce classes, with 6 classes for computer information management. These classes equate to the American college-prep classes and vocational training classes for those not college-bound. The computer classes are a result of the government push to make Korea a leader in Information Technology (IT). In 2003, the graduating class was 369 reflecting the shrinking student populations. July 2005Life Goes on at Shinjang Mall : GQ Tailors, one of the oldest establishments outside the Osan AB Gates changed hands and moved to a new location. It was founded by the family of Mr. Oh Sun-soo just outside the gate in 1962. The shop was on the right as you exited the gate.The shop and home was torn down to make way for the Milwal Road expansion and straightening in 1970. Park Chung-hee personally approved the measure after the Osan AB Commander stated the need for a new road -- besides the Shinjang Mall Road -- to access the Main Supply Route 1 (MSR-1) that follows the ridgeline. Of course, Mr. Oh Sun-soo complained that his family was not recompensed adequately -- holding up a "zero" hand sign gesture. However, the family picked up and restarted the business in a new location. Over the years, the shop has relocated a few more times and has become a landmark business in Shinjang Shopping Mall. Mr Oh, the owner of the Victoria Hotel and two time councilman for the area, transferred the GQ Tailor Shop ownership to his long-time manager of the shop, Mr. K.W. Yun. In Aug 2005, the shop moved to a new location on the Shinjang Mall that combines the Boston Shoe Store operation with the GQ Tailor Shop.
(L) Old Shop along main street in front of Main Gate (2004) (Kalani O'Sullivan)(R) New Shop on the Shinjang Mall (2005) (Kalani O'Sullivan)
(L) Mr. Oh Sun-soo (2005) (Kalani O'Sullivan); (R) The new owner of GQ Tailor, Mr. K.W. Yun in front of new shop (2005) (Kalani O'Sullivan)
Songtan Parking along the streets (2005) (Pyeongtaek Times) September 2005Shinjang Mall Merchants Donate to Katrina Relief Effort (Sep 2005) According to the Stars and Stripes the merchants of Songtan raised $3,586 -- including a single $146 contribution from a donor in Wonju City -- to help Hurricane Katrina victims. Songtan Chamber of Commerce President K.C. Lee delivered the cash in a small shopping bag to the American Red Cross office at the base. The Chamber represents about 1,000 businesses in the commercial district near the base in Songtan. Chamber members spent four days seeking contributions. They set up donation boxes and used loudspeakers to call on passers-by to donate between 7-11 Sep. Some also went door-to-door asking business owners to contribute. The merchants have been doing business with Americans for years, Lee said, adding that they were donating the money because of their relationship with the base and Americans.
At the American Red Cross office at Osan Air Base in South Korea on Wednesday, Songtan Chamber of Commerce President K.C. Lee holds a bag containing cash raised to help Hurricane Katrina victims which was presented to Red Cross station manager Wilfredo Solis, right. (16 Sep 2005) (Stars and Stripes) SHINJANG MALL: AMERICAN OFF-BASE BAR CULTURE
Shinjang Mall Bars (2005) (Pyeongtaek Times) Opinion of USFK Anti-Prostitution Campaign SEE American Off-base Bar Culture: Opinion of Anti-Prostitution Campaign . Opinion on USFK Human Trafficking Campaign SEE American Off-base Bar Culture: Opinion on Human Trafficking Campaign . Shinjang Mall Area ![]() ![]() (L) Shinjang Mall (2005) (Unk) (R) Shinjang Mall Near Yonchon Hotel (2005) (Unk) (NOTE: Money Changer not in operation in 2007 and only selling phones: Pretty Nails still in operation; Boom Art went "boom.") ![]() ![]() Overpass Bridge (2005) (Unk) (R) VIP Fried Food Stand (2005) (Unk) ![]() Shinjang Mall Pavement Plaque 2005Commander, 51st Fighter Wing, Osan AB: Brig. Gen. Joseph Reynes Jr., July 8, 2005 -- June 15, 2007January 2005USFK Starts its Zero-tolerance on Prostitution and Human Trafficking in Earnest
Gen LaPorte testified before Congress in 2004 that there were over 400 convictions to curtail prostitution amongst servicemen in Korea. What he did NOT mention was that most of these were Article 15 actions based up Article 92 (Adultery) for married servicemen and Article 92 (Failure to Obey a General Order) for all. This was because the Pandering and Prostitution applies to the prostitute and the pimp -- not the solicitor. Article 82 (Solicitation) does not cover this situation well as there has to be clear proof of "intent" and this can drag prosecutions into fits. Thus the USFK hierarchy used the CID/OSI for intimidation and threats of courts martial to get people to accept the Article 15s. As far as we know, there has not been any who have contested and filed for courts martial as of this date -- or if there were and the USFK backed off, it was never released. We believe when this new Article 134 hits the field, it will be immediately challenged by actions from the ACLU or others -- but it hasn't been seen as of Dec 2005 though it was supposed to be in effect by May 2005. March 2005Allegations of Town Patrol Shaking Down Songtan Bar Owners (Mar 2005 - Sep 2005) SEE American Off-base Bar Culture: Allegations of Town Patrol Shaking Down Songtan Bar Owners .
Korean Yellow Journalism: Osan Military Jurisdiction over Songtan Bar
District? (Mar 2005)
This is really a NON-STORY, but it is an example of how the media in Korea
engages in yellow journalism without proof, corroboration of sources, or
substance.
(SITE NOTE: We seriously question this "quote." Pyongtaek does NOT control the USFK use of off-limits sanctions -- the same as the USFK does NOT control the Pyongtaek regulation of businesses. This article is the typical unsubstantiated yellow-journalism that is used to incite anti-American feelings in the populace. These articles are translations of the original Korean articles for the publication in the English version of these newspapers.)The impression is that the USFK is being high-handed in its handling of the situation -- but we question: "Why is the City of Pyongtaek even "requesting" the abolishment of the regulation?" The "proof" offered is a 1992 document, but Pyongtaek City incorporated Songtan in 1995 and all agreements flow from its jurisdiction -- meaning the regulation is void. This type of agreement would most certainly have been renegotiated as the Songtan Mall area has grown significantly in recent years -- attracting GIs from as far as Kunsan because of its shopping area. In addition, the area is publicized on the road signs as a "Special Tourism Zone" -- meaning that the ROK government is involved in the regulation of the area as well because of its investments. (SITE NOTE: There has been conflicts with the City of Pyeongtaek in the recent past over water bills and the land which was given to the AFOC -- along with allegations of noise and oil pollution -- so Pyeongtaek City is not one of the great admirers of Osan AB.)Actually in reading the article, there is nothing there -- besides the submitting of photos for employees -- that is not in line with the USFK policy of "off-limit" sanctions if a business violates standards that the base/camp/USFK sets for the safety and welfare of its personnel. Regardless, the USFK still gets a black eye. The photo item might only apply to bars as the base hospital would have to institute some controls in the VD checks of the bar girls working in the "Special Tourist Clubs" off-base, but we haven't seen the document. The photo was a requirement for the infamous "VD Card" that all female workers (owner, waitress, or bar girl) had to have to prove the monthly health check. (SITE NOTE: Incidentally, the VD checks are conducted by the USFK MILITARY DOCTORS with the assistance of ROK health authorities. The VD checks are conducted for all "registered prostitutes" in the camptown area on a monthly basis. The USFK vehemently denies that these VD checks in any way prove their involvement in the camptown prostitution. They claim they are only interested in the soldiers "safety." The problem is that if the soldiers weren't involved in the prostitution, there would be no need for the VD checks...but since the USFK is continuing the VD checks it is an open admittal that the soldiers continue to frequent the prostitutes. It's just a big word game!!!! However, there are elements of inequality in this VD check routine as ROK medical authorities require a bi-annual check of all FOREIGN entertainers for AIDS -- while the Korean prostitutes are not checked. There appears to be something wrong with the VD check system.
1992 "Standards and Guides" Document (Yonhap News)
April 2005Curfew Issue (Apr 2005 - On-going) SEE American Off-base Bar Culture: Curfew Issues .November 2005Gen LaPorte Praised for Stand on Human Trafficking (Nov 2005) According to the Stars and Stripes, other than outgoing USFK commander Gen. Leon J. LaPorte, U.S. military commanders overseas have a long way to go in understanding and fighting human trafficking said Maureen Walsh, general counsel for the U.S. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, which is also called the Helsinki Commission.
Gen LaPorte and MND Yoon Kwang-Ung Sign Yongsan Agreement (26 Oct 2004)
LaPorte "has been personally seized with the issue" and "he obviously has it at this point," when it comes to discouraging troops to support trafficking. The comments were made during a session on human trafficking and peacekeeping operations held by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington think tank on 18 Nov 2005.
(SITE NOTE: To those who don't remember, the Helsinki Commission is the group that kicked off the ball in 2002. When some US contractor employees were alleged to have bought some women for sex, the media focused on the scandal. The Fox Affiliate video in Jul 2002 hopped on the band wagon that claimed USFK personnel were aiding in human trafficking -- and the USFK became part of a media feeding frenzy as the "sharks" attacked the USFK with unfounded and often contrived stories. After this fiasco, the Senate demanded the DOD launch an Inspector General investigation."While there's a lot of language from U.S. military officials condemning the practice of abducting and selling human beings, we need to see much more senior leadership and resources coming from the Department of Defense to address the issue of human trafficking," according to Sarah Mendelson, a CSIS senior fellow and moderator of the discussion. "I would rank the United States high in the area of rhetoric, and low in the area of implementation [of announced policies]," said another panelist, Martina Vandenberg, an attorney with Washington law firm Jenner & Block. The U.S. military's exception to the rule, the panelists said, is LaPorte, a four-star general who took command of U.S. Forces Korea in May 2002. This is what we have been saying all along. The rest of the DOD is simply paying lip service to human trafficking and let Korea take the heat for the rest of the DOD and military. We condemn the DOD for implementing a human trafficking and anti-prostitution policy while the US Congress STILL has not ratified the UN protocol on human trafficking. It is said that there are over 100,000 cases of human trafficking for prostitution or labor is committed in the US annually, but the US Justice Department has prosecuted only a thimble-full of cases -- though publicizing them widely to give the appearance they were doing something. In the end, Gen LaPorte has supported a DOD policy as a good soldier should -- but at the same time, the rest of the US -- and the military community -- has sat on their hands. The bottom line is that only military personnel in Korea have been singled out for "punishment" while the rest of the military community simply paid lip service to the topic. PYEONGTAEK AREA EVENTSMarch 2005ROK Planners start Action on Pyongtaek Expansion (Mar 2005 - Dec 2005) According to the Stars and Stripes on 8 March 2005, ROK planners will be scouting the Pyongtaek area looking for areas for incorporating an "international city" with facilities and schools for foreigners. What we find interesting is that the search will concentrate on the Songtan area -- NOT in the Anjung-ni area near Camp Humphreys.NOTE: That the search reminds one of the attitudes of the Pyeongtaek City authorities to relocate the military AWAY from their city -- isolate the American military to the Songtan area with its Special Tourism Zone. However, after the March 2005 announcement there has not been much else heard of this project as there is growing protest over the relocation to Pyeongtaek (Camp Humphreys) from NGO groups. The review of potential sites is to be completed in Feb 2006. If the "Peace City" project does land in Songtan, it would be a major boost to the local economy.What we find humorous is that the Pyeongtaek Mayor and City Council stated in 1990 that they did NOT want the military to move into their area -- along with every other major city in Korea. This resulted in the 1990 MOU for the move from Yongsan Garrison to return to the status quo. In addition, throughout the process of the negotiations for the move to Pyeongtaek (Camp Humphreys) the Pyeongtaek City Mayor and City Council at times have been outspoken opponents -- though after Jan 2003, the Pyeongtaek City officials became muted as the move was a fait accompli whether they protested or not. (NOTE: South Korea accepted the U.S. request for about 2,223 acres in Pyeongtaek and Osan, south of Seoul, to relocate two major Army units in May 2003 so it became highly political at that time. As of Dec 2005, the official word is "The Korean Defense Ministry is currently in the process of purchasing the necessary land for the expansion purposes." This means the farmers protests are still on-going and the land hasn't been procured.) However, in the Pyeongtaek City "silence" there is also the unspoken support for those who are protesting against the relocation. At the same time, the Songtan Chamber of Commerce and community leaders in Songtan are welcoming the process as it will mean business and growth. New construction for "foreigners apartments" has started in Namsan Village area for housing in anticipation of the move. Pyongtaek City stated that the announcement of the new "Peace City" plan had to be made no later than the end of 2005 to force the issue. (See Invest Korea: Kyonggi-do for Investment Outlook for Kyonggi area in General.) SITE NOTE: An interesting item for construction for the move to Camp Humphreys is Stars and Stripes on 6 Nov 05. The USFK signed a 'build-to-lease' deal for dorm at K-16 (Kimpo IAP) that will be the program used for Camp Humphreys. According to the article, "Under the agreement, the private South Korean contractors will build a 144-unit dormitory for unaccompanied officers at K-16, a small base in Seoul. ... Upon completion, USFK will occupy the facility on a 15-year lease. This is a very cost-effective way of getting us a building, getting our people housed and on base much faster than taking a more traditional approach." Officials estimate leasing costs about 35 percent less than building the dormitory themselves. The company has 20 months to complete the building but a groundbreaking date hasn't been set. The project is called a "milestone," and officials plan to contract for another 1,500 to 1,800 Camp Humphreys housing units in the coming years. The build-to-lease concept was new to South Korean companies, and the industry is not used to this sort of procurement. Key is that build-to-lease helps stretch budgetary dollars. He estimated the military will save about $1.7 million a year by using the program at K-16, based on the amount it pays now to house the officers off base. Build-to-lease means no big upfront payments, an overall reduction in cost and the convenience of having the officers on base.Joongang Ilbo, 5 Dec 2005 stated the government would invest more than 18.8 trillion won ($18.1 billion) by 2020 to develop Pyeongtaek. The Home Affairs Ministry said the money is to help increase the population of Pyeongtaek to 800,000, from the current 360,000. The ministry said nearly 1.5 trillion won will be spent to improve farms, build industrial complexes and develop tourist facilities near Pyeongtaek Lake. The Defense Ministry also said it will invest nearly 1.4 trillion won on roads, parks and noise-proof facilities for residents. The ministry will also construct housing for relocated residents. More than 16 trillion won will be invested to develop harbors in the region along with other industrial development projects. (Source: Joongang Ilbo, 6 Dec 2005.) The 15-year plan calls for changes from improving the city's seaport to building a high- tech agricultural center to soundproofing buildings, according to the Korean Ministry of Government Administration and House Affairs. Some of the money also will go toward buying land to house U.S. military operations there. Of the $19 billion, about $4.4 billion is expected to come from public coffers. South Koreans are looking to private investors and businesses to fund the remaining construction and growth. Because the proposal includes spending money over several years, the National Assembly would have to approve funds each year. The key point is that the year is 2020, but the military move to the area is 2008. The Ministry of Defense was to invest 1.4 trillion won ($1.3 billion) in Pyeongtaek, but the specifics have not been released. It could be construction at Osan AB or Camp Humphreys -- but as of Dec 2005, it was unknown. Currently the ROK government is not committing itself to any firm plans. The other areas of development were on the books previously. The plan to attract industry to the area and therefore increase the population to 800,000 has seen some setbacks as the ROK just approved the building of factories in Seoul AGAIN after blocking the construction to force industry expansion in the suburbs. However, company relocations to China and other areas have drained Seoul of its industrial base. The industrial development in areas outside of Seoul has been only lukewarm. There is growth, but not on the massive scale anticipated as foreign investors and small/medium size industries as a whole have been reluctant to relocate -- especially with a stagnant economy and low consumer demand for goods. The news for Pyeongtaek was that there would be a heavy investment in the area in conjunction with the move of the US military move into the area. According to the Chosun Ilbo on 22 Dec 2005, "A new international business town will be built on 17.82 million sq. m in Pyeongtaek in Gyeonggi Province, the new home of the U.S. Forces Korea. Apartments and houses for 64,000 households will be built starting in 2009. The Ministry of Construction and Transportation on Thursday unveiled its development plan for the land in Pyeongtaek's Mogok-dong and Godeok-myeon. Besides housing, the ministry will build an international business center and administrative complex as well as international schools needed for the children of U.S. personnel. The Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs on Dec. 5 unveiled a plan to invest W18 trillion (US$18 billion) in Pyeongtaek by 2020 to develop it into a regional hub on the back of the USFK relocation." Rumors started circulating in Songtan that the area selected was just outside of Seojong -- about two miles from Osan AB and the Special Tourism Zone of the Shinjang Mall. Godeok-myeon is west of Seojong and Mokgok-dong is east. There is a possibility that the large-scale Jungang Apartments construction -- combined with the existing location of the subway and freeway routes -- and nearby locations of industrial parks may have influenced the decision. As of Dec 2005, the specifics as to the exact area have not been released. The following is an article in the Korea Times that appeared on 22 Dec 2005. On 23 Dec 2005, the Ministry of Defense called on the people of Pyeongtaek to support the movement of the USFK to Camp Humphreys. Defense Minister Yoon Kwang-ung appealed for cooperation from residents and local governments to ensure the smooth relocation of U.S. military bases. The relocation plan faces opposition from residents and civic groups in the city. Yoon stated, "I especially ask the residents to understand that the project will ultimately contribute to the national interests of both countries and the convenience of local residents." The government started on June 14 to purchase land for the replacement facilities for the closed U.S. bases. It is supposed to finish buying the land in Pyeongtaek by the end of 2005 -- but as of 25 Dec 2005, the protestors still remain adamant. (See article on Protests in Pyeongtaek area.) The Defense Minister also pleaded for understanding of the need for alternate ranges after the Kooni Range was shut down. Chik-do off Kunsan was approved earlier this year. Yoon said, "Training exercise is crucial for military security preparedness, and local residents' understanding is necessary to build effective defense capabilities." Most of the expanded land for Camp Humphreys are required as training areas for the military rotated off the DMZ. (Source: Korea Herald, 26 Dec 2005.) (SITE NOTE: Put two and two together for the timing of the news above for the "International City" and the request for the support for the movement and one can see that there is an implied threat that without the move, there will be no "International City." This is a desperate and well-timed PR move to try to sway residents to support the move with the financial incentive. Time has about run out to finish procuring the land and the effort must go on -- or else.) On 27 Dec an article in the Korea Herald reported that 80 percent of the land for Camp Humphreys had been procured, but the remaining 20 percent would need court approval to "condemn" the land. (See 80 percent of Land for Camp Humphreys Expansion Complete (Dec 2005) for article.)
Protests in the Pyongtaek Area (Mar 2005 - Dec 2005)
(OPINION: BUT NOTICE THAT THEY SAY "YANKEE GO HOME" IN HANGUL (KOREAN) SO THE AMERICANS WON'T BE OFFENDED. HOW POLITE. Sarcasm showing.)
April But there was a slight reprieve in the protest season as all the venom was shifted to Japan with President Roh personally stirring up the masses on the sovereignty issue over Tokdo Island and the "distorted history" issues dealing with the Japanese colonial period. In Apr 2005, there was a banner strung up on the train overpass leading to the Main Gate that read "WE HATE JAPAN!!! TOKDO IS OURS!!!" written in Hangul. Most GIs walked right past it thinking it was simply another store sale sign. Then President Roh created a group of other problems for the US -- but it distracted the public's attention away from the Pyongtaek move. The USFK created a Brig.General position at Camp Humphreys in April to hopefully offset any ill-will associated with the move and smooth the transition -- but it won't work. The ROK has shown that it is a "reluctant ally" and the transition will be bumpy. The ROK's refusal to increase its defense cost share -- and provide the lands in a timely manner required to move the units off the DMZ -- are just the start. May As the US cranked up the pressure to isolate the North, the student activists again took to the streets in an anti-US move. South Korean riot police had to suppress protesters from the university students group, Hanchongryon, from entering Yongsan Garrison on May 29, 2005. About 1,000 student protesters demonstrated in Seoul calling for the U.S. to withdraw what they call a policy that heightens tension with North Korea. (NOTE: Hanchongryon is an outlawed organization as a North Korean sympathizer, but President Roh has sought to "pardon" its leaders in the past.) Bumper stickers in hangul read, "Cheonchang Baendae" (Don't Fight a War) and sign posted on the Yongsan wall read "Migun Cholso" (Throw away American Soldiers). No protest appeared at Osan during 4-day Memorial Day weekend.
Yongsan Protest (29 May 05) (Reuters) June In late June and early July, it was Kunsan AB that drew the attention of the anti-War factions with their protests of using Chikdo as a bombing range. (NOTE: The advantage of off-shore Chikdo over Rodriquez Range up on the DMZ is that the Apache Longbows can practice live-fires with their Hellfire Missiles.) In addition, Kunsan faced the wrath of the Green Korea environmental groups over oil spills that leaked into the drainage ditches. The people were given 500,000 won ($500) in compensation -- and the people living around the base considered it an affront. While these groups were targetting Kunsan, Camp Humphreys and Osan AB enjoyed some peace and quiet during the beginning of the hot months of summer. 10 July Then on 10 July the attention shifted back to Camp Humphreys (K-6) -- bypassing Osan. The Tongil News had the photos in the news -- though the major English language newspapers in Korea relegated the article to back page news -- and the on-line edition of the Stars and Stripes made no mention of it until 13 July. There were demonstrations scheduled at Osan AB but it seems that no one showed up except all the riot police with their shields and batons just in case. Around 7,000 demonstrators converged outside the installation and faced off with 10,000 KNP officers in riot gear. The demonstration had been planned months in advance and both South Korean authorities and Camp Humphreys officials were expecting it. The Rev. Mun Chon-Hyun, the Catholic priest from Kunsan who heads the anti-war movement brought his NGO group to the area. What was unusual about this protest was that the Rev Mun brought in Catholic priests to hold a mass in front of the line of riot police. The symbolism is unmistaken. It was a blessing before battle. This is a new technique on the part of the NGO group.
Camp Humphreys Protest: (L) Priests mass (R) Rev Mun receiving eucharist in front of riot police (10 Jul 05) (Tongil News)
In addition, it appears that the Hanchongryon, the radical student group
centered in Seoul, joined in the protests to add "muscle" to the
demonstrations. The pulling down of the fence at Camp Humphreys has the
symbolism that unified action can defeat the Americans and destroy their base.
What is significant of this protest is the violence level that the student
radicals used. Look closely at the photos and one can see they were using
metal pipes and instead of just bamboo poles (used for the flags) -- some have
smashed the ends to make razor sharp blades.
Camp Humphreys Protest: Attacking riot police and tearing down fence. Protesters who yanked on nylon ropes, rushed through the breach, and tied yellow steamers to an interior fence, then exited the base. (10 Jul 05) (Tongil News)
Camp Humphreys Protest: Attacking riot police (10 Jul 05) (Tongil News)
They attacked the riot police lines along the fence first at the gate area
where they pulled down the fence and then attacked from the rice fields. At
the first location, approximately five demonstrators entered the perimeter and
tied yellow streamers onto a secondary fence … and then exited the perimeter.
At the second location, they did not enter the base. Throwing mud and rice
clods at the police, footing was not easy because of the torrential rains that
had fallen. There were casualties on both sides in the clash between riot
police and student radicals. Some 60 police officers were injured and three
protesters arrested. Though bleeding protestors were observed being helped
away, the exact number of protestors injured is unknown.
Camp Humphreys Protest: From Rice Field (10 Jul 05) (Tongil News)
The rallies were typical anti-American varieties that accused the US of
"stealing" Korean land and of President Roh being forced to "pay" the Americans
for the move. The images focus on the plight of the poor elderly farmer losing
their farms for the greedy expansion of the Americans. The typical
anti-American slogans (written in hangul to keep the foreign press in the dark)
were present but not prominent. Gone were the "Yankee Go Home" signs of the
last demonstration. The rally included the traditional ripping of the
symbolic American flag. They probably would have burned the flag for a more
theatrical effect, but the torrential rains made this an impossibility.
Camp Humphreys Protest: Rally (10 Jul 05) (Tongil News) The following is the Stars and Stripes story on 13 Jul 2005.
August 9 According to the Joongang Ilbo and Stars and Stripes on 10 Aug 2005, about 1,100 South Korean university students and residents held a "mostly peaceful" demonstration outside Camp Humphreys on 9 Aug calling for U.S. forces to leave the country. They also protested a U.S.-South Korea government plan that would see Camp Humphreys triple in size in coming years and become the main base for most U.S. troops in South Korea. One police officer and nine protesters were injured in a 10-minute scuffle. The injured were taken to a local hospital. The demonstrators, chanting and clapping, formed a long line outside the base's northwest perimeter fence and shouted anti-American slogans. Meanwhile, police issued arrest warrants for activist group leaders in connection with the July 10 protest. Police identified one of the men as the Rev. Moon Jung-hyun of the Pan National Solution Committee Against Expansion of Pyongtaek U.S. Troops. Police said they are also seeking Kim Ji-tae.
Camp Humphrey Protest (8 Aug 2005) (Tongil News) Notice that the protestors are in the blue colors of the Unification NGO group. The last demonstration was a mix, but Rev. Moon Jung-hyun leads the Anti-War NGO group (red shirts) and was joined by the radical members of the outlawed college student union group. (9 Aug 2005) (Tongil News) At the same time, the Pan National Solution Committee Against Expansion of U.S. Troops in Pyongtaek Area will protest Sept. 3, Oct. 20-23 and Dec. 11. The Sept. 3 gathering was a candlelight vigil at Pyongtaek train station. The protest was non-violent and mostly elderly farmers. From Oct. 20 to 23, group members will harvest the rice paddies outside Camp Humphreys and stage a protest with an estimated 1,000 to 2,000 people. And on Dec. 11, the group plans to gather up to 20,000 protesters from across the nation. October 16 Small peaceful protest by farmers holding a candlelight vigil outside the Camp Humphreys' fence. (Source: "Eradication of USFK Crime" ) October 20 - 23 The 20 Oct protest at Pyeongtaek City Hall was small and faced off against the City "Meter Maids" (Pyeongtaek Rent-a-cops). The theme was "Abolish Aggressive War Plans against North Korea" and "NO Land Grab at Pyongtaek" -- a mixing of the anti-war NGO group and the farmer group. This was a prelude to Sec of Defense Rumsfeld's visit for Minister level talks about the US shifting to being a "partner" -- but not a "patron." The 21 Oct protest was by a small group of familiar old protest leaders in Seoul that combined the "No Land Grab" and "Anti-Oplan 5027/5029" with "No Strategic Flexibility." This was aimed at the SCM going on -- and this anti-war protest was also held at Yongsan. There were no protests reported on 22 - 23 Oct. Protests to culminated on 23 Oct hampered by fall rains and chilly weather -- as Korean protestors are normally a "fair-weather" group.
Pyeongtaek City Hall Protest (20 Oct 2005) (Tongil News) October 29 On 29 Oct 2005, a small protest by the farmers was held at Pyeongtaek Station -- to gain public attention. Rev. Mun Chon-Hyun again joined the protestors, but the radical student element was missing as cold weather was setting in. Later the protest then took the form of a candlelight vigil.
Pyeongtaek Station Protest (29 Oct 2005) (Tongil News) November 17 Though the weather was turning cold, a small group of protestors led by Rev. Mun Chon-Hyun went to Pusan to protest George Bush and denouncing the USFK "Land Grab" and "USFK strategic flexibility." The small group march starting from the train station was blocked by riot police. Due to the Pusan government ban on protests threatened by farmers over the rice opening, anti-war groups, and the KTU education unions, the march went relatively unnoticed. The march was peaceful. However, these protestors then melded into the larger rally held on Nov 18 where 15,000 students, farmers and workers maintained an intense stand-off near three bridges on route to the Busan Exhibition and Convention Center (BEXCO) in which the first summit meeting of top leaders of the 21 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) members economies was held, chanting slogans denouncing the Korean government’s efforts towards trade liberalization and greater agriculture imports. More than 20 people -- half of them police -- were injured during the confrontation, with some protestors wielding rocks and steel pipes and the police responding with barricades and water cannons. "No to globalization, no to Bush," the protesters shouted as they tried to break through barricades set up by police by piling shipping containers across a road leading to the summit venue. Authorities had deployed about 50,000 police and security forces to cope with the protests in Busan. A much smaller conservative rally, led by the Free Citizens’ Alliance of Korea, was held to urge the government to get actively involved in the human rights situation in North Korea and criticize the anti-APEC rally with signs of "Welcome APEC/We Love Bush."
Pusan Protest (17 Nov 2005) (Tongil News) Dec 10-11 The first snows fell on Songtan on 4 Dec and the temperatures dropped to below freezing for the week. It appeared that the protests were over for the winter and would pick up next spring. Koreans are normally fair weather protestors. We were wrong!!! The Stars and Stripes reported that the NGO groups are going to attempt to hold a rally at the Pyeongtaek Train Station on 10 Dec and hoped to draw between 10,000-30,000 people to protest. However, Pyeongtaek police officials said the NGO group said about 3,000 protesters would attend according to the report registered with police. The protest ended up drawing only between 3,000-5,000 protestors. The protestors marched from the train station to Pyeongtaek City Hall to voice their complaints. The rally started at the train station followed by a "Peace march" to the city hall, then a "closing demonstration" that turned into a candlelight vigil. The protest was peaceful. Though the Pan-Korean National Task Force Against Expansion of U.S. Bases in Pyeongtaek, said the group's plans for 11 Dec did NOT include a rally at Camp Humphreys itself, Camp Humphreys personnel were told that the Pyeongtak train station was off-limits. The NGO groups want the USFK to leave South Korea and opposes the plan to transform Camp Humphreys into its main installation in South Korea by 2008. The post would triple in size. The task force opposes the expansion because it will require the South Korean government to displace farmers who work the rice fields outside the post.
Pyeongtaek Protest (11 Dec 2005) (Tongil News) Meanwhile, the Korean Veterans' Association told officials at Osan Air Base that it would hold a pro-American counterdemonstration outside Osan AB. On 11 Dec veterans groups with about 4,000 people assembled in front of the Osan AB main gates to show their support. The groups were bused in and ambulances were used to provide local transportation. Most of the veterans appeared to be in their 60-70s with a lesser amount of 50-something persons mixed in. As a typical rally it had its mandatory speech making -- K.C. Lee of the Songtan Chamber of Commerce and veteran leaders -- with the mandatory comments pleading with the US to not leave Korea and to believe that the majority of Koreans really wanted the US to stay -- though the surveys say otherwise. Riot police were out in force in case of a confrontation, but the rally was peaceful -- though it created a traffic jam for hours in the front gate. Though the rally finished at about 3:30 pm, the area was not passable until well after 6 pm -- and riot police buses were still seen along Route 1 to Pyeongtaek after 7 pm perhaps as a preventive measure in case the anti-US demonstrators decided to come to Osan.
Pro-US Rally Osan AB Main Gate (11 Dec 2005) (Stars and Stripes) According to the Stars and Stripes on 13 Dec 2005, "In a show of support for the U.S. military Sunday, the Korean Veterans Association and Songtan Chamber of Commerce held a rally that drew a crowd police estimated at about 4,000 outside the main gate of Osan Air Base in Pyeongtaek? Songtan section.The veterans urged support for the U.S. military's presence on the peninsula and its planned relocation of forces to Humphreys. They also denounced the anti-American activist movement in South Korea, which they said imperiled their country's security. More than 700 KNP officers were positioned outside the air base during the veterans' rally, which began at 2 p.m. and ended around 3:30 p.m. Most of the demonstrators were men and women who appeared to be in their 50s, 60s and 70s, though some looked in their 40s and 30s. ...10 demonstrators set fire to a North Korean flag, but KNP officers extinguished the fire and dispersed the group after a brief shoving match." June 2005Personal Note: Fishing in the Osan AB Area (June 2005) In the Kunsan area where we lived for over a decade, we would always go to the beach or mountains to picnic. I used to love to sit in streams and read a book with minnows swimming around my toes. However, in the Osan area, there's a different lifestyle. Thus I figured that I would take up fishing.Not knowing a thing about fishing, my cocker-spaniel, Shelly, and I started walking the streets looking for a shop to buy a rod and reel to fish. We lucked out when we ran across the Songtan Fishing Plaza (Songtan Naksipulacha) run by Mr. Han Sang-woog (Phone (031)-668-5156 / HP: 011-686-5158). We were extremely fortunate in that he speaks English and was able to explain how to fish in the local area and recommended inexpensive fishing gear for the beginners like us. I ended up buying both an inexpensive spin-casting rig and a Korean-style shore fishing setup. I was surprised how modest the cost was -- but again I wasn't getting top-of-the-line stuff. (My brother-in-law has extremely expensive bamboo rigs that only experienced fisherman buy.) We have gone back to Mr. Han's store many times to buy live bait (worms) and seek advice on fishing -- and he has always been helpful in giving us fishing tips or advice. We highly recommend his store to Americans at Osan AB wanting to try their hand at fishing. To get to his shop from base, turn left at the Express Bus Terminal and go straight until you are almost where it joins diagonally to the road leading to Rte 1. His shop is on the left. Unfortunately, the sign on his shop is in Korean (hangul) and has another company's signboard (BANAX) over his door. It would be best to call him if you are near his shop so you can find it. Again he can speak English so he can direct you there. There's another shop in the Shinjang 2-dong area. Go straight to the end of the overpass and turn right on Taegwang School Road. Walk down about a block and it's a small shop on the left that has been there since 1992. Though the owner doesn't speak English, his supplies for salt-water fishing are better than the other shop. Really a friendly chap who got me a cup of coffee even though I only spent 2,000 won for weighted hooks and a spinner. If you're going fishing from a boat, he has supplies for this market. There's also another shop up on the right as you go up Milwal Road to the Capital Hotel. Never stopped in, but I would assume that English would be spoken there. If you don't know a darn thing about fishing like me, I highly recommend a visit to Anglerstown for tips and advice from folks who fish in the Osan AB area. It's nice to have someone with specific advice on the area. Go to Anglerstown: Kyonggi-do for locations for fishing in the Kyonggi-do area. There are lots of bass and carp in the immediate area but this uses spin-casting rigs and a bit of experience. I haven't caught any bass because I'm a greenhorn at fishing -- but still it's fun to get outdoors in the muggy summer months. The places to fish are limitless. Using the Korean-style bottom-fishing rigs there are the streams everywhere -- but my brother-in-law says that at these places one shouldn't eat the fish because of pollution in the area (dairy farm waste and chemical fertilizers). Near the base, there is the Hwangkuji stream (Hwangkujicheon) running from Osan-ni down to the Jinwi River (Jinwicheon) but you need waders because of the mud on the banks. The fisherman congregate where the water flows under concrete stream-fording points. Nice spots to picnic in the evening -- and construction workers congregate under the bridges after work to drink and eat. (In 2005, they were in the process of building a stream-side park in the Osan City area.) Down toward Anjung where the Rte 340-bypass to Anjung joins Rte 38, Korean fisherman line the shores of the Jinwi River. Also there are many stocked ponds in the area. The Pyeongtaek Lake offers a lot of fishing for carp, but being a rank amateur I haven't even dared try my hand at that. There's a large reservoir (I-dong Jeosuji) that is only 20 minutes from Osan AB. Catching tiny Crappie/Blue Gill-size fish is really fun -- though the "keepers" in Korea are so tiny that Americans laugh at them. Quantity -- not quality is the rule here. The only thing these fish are good for is making a super-bony Korean fish soup -- which I don't eat. Sometimes foreign workers come by and ask if they can have the catch -- and we tell them to help themselves. To me the relaxation is not in catching fish, but in sitting on the shore of a peaceful lake -- and I often let the fish that are only hooked in the mouth go. Even if you don't catch anything, it's a nice place to have a picnic on the shore -- and there are paddle-boats down at the end near the levee if you're doing touristy stuff.
(L) Kalani with "prize" 2-inch catch. (R) Boram fishing with Korean-style rod. At the I-dong Reservoir in Yong-in up Rte 314, a fishing "license" costs 5,000 won a day for men, but women are free. It's collected by a man who comes by periodically and the fee helps defray the cost of cleaning up the mess left by picnics on the weekends. On my first outing with my nephew, we caught nothing though everyone else around us was. My wife -- who only sleeps in the shade -- had a good time derisively laughing at us "fishermen." (Later I found that it was because we weren't bottom-fishing and using a bobber-set up with spinning reels.) But on our second outing we started to catch fish using the Korean bottom-fishing setup. My daughter caught her first fish using this Korean-fishing setup and even learned how to put worms on the hook -- though her method of using foreceps makes a mess of the worms. Still learning and I'm coming to appreciate the Korean setup for fishing from the lake shore or river side. NOTE: In Oct 2005, Frank Schierer dropped a line and attached a few photos of what a REAL fisherman can accomplish at the I-dong Reservoir. He wrote: "I was reading your site today and came across a section where you talk about fishing at I-dong reservoir. I love that lake; as a matter of fact it’s one of my favorite lakes to fish for bass and bluegill. You say you only caught very small bluegill out of there, attached are some pics of what you can catch out of that lake – but the trick is finding the right time and the right place."As a fisherman, I'm a sad excuse. Went to Jebu-do Island down in Hwaesong in Aug 2005 and was out in the water as other fisherman were catching small fish using a bamboo pole with a short leader. All I caught was two lungfish and a lot of tiny crabs that was eating the bait. I have now learned that for lake fishing, it is bottom fishing, but in the tidal flats, you have to keep the bait above the bottom or else the crabs will simply have a free lunch. While you stand waist deep in the water, it's hard to keep from jumping as tiny crabs run over your toes. But still learning and that's the fun. On another topic, we had an experience at I-dong Reservoir in June 2005 that demonstrated the best and worst of the Americans as "good neighbors." My brother-in-law from Seoul was going to show me how to fish and we went to Yongin -- but he made the mistake of driving his van into the mud. Some American soldiers from Camp Humphreys drove in and without being asked, immediately jumped in the mud to try to free the vehicle. They had no idea I was an American as I look Korean, so their generous spirit epitomized what I love about Americans -- their willingness to help anyone in need. Unfortunately, the van was mired too deep and required a wrecker to haul it out, but my wife was bragging about how nice the Americans were. However, later in the day after a few beers too many, some of the soldiers decided to go swimming -- actually wading -- in the reservoir which is rather shallow. Unfortunately, it is a fishing area and they were wading into the bottom-fishing areas that people were casting into. There were angry howls from the fishermen screaming at the Americans questioning why they were doing that. This didn't phase the soldiers one bit and they continued floating in the water -- perhaps because they didn't know that they were being cursed at -- or perhaps they just didn't care. Two family groups picked up and left and another "great impression" of Americans was made.
December 200580 percent of Land for Camp Humphreys Expansion Complete (Dec 2005) |